Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome and its related Factors among Older Adults in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Iran

Morowatisharifabad, Mohammadali; Bijari, Sahar; Madadizadeh, Farzan; Bidaki, Reza; Beigomi, Alireza

doi:10.18502/ehj.v8i2.11545

Volume 8, Issue 2 (December 2022) Elderly Health Journal 2022, 8(2): 68-74 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.18502/ehj.v8i2.11545

‎ 20.1001.1.24236179.2022.8.2.4.8

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Morowatisharifabad M, Bijari S, Madadizadeh F, Bidaki R, Beigomi A. Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome and its related Factors among Older Adults in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Iran. Elderly Health Journal 2022; 8 (2) :68-74
URL: http://ehj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-271-en.html

Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome and its related Factors among Older Adults in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Iran

Mohammadali Morowatisharifabad ^*

Department of Aging Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran , morowatisharif@yahoo.com

Abstract: (625 Views)

Introduction: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological sensory-motor disorder that is observed as an unpleasant sensation in the legs, especially when sitting or lying down and at rest. This study aimed to determine the prevalence RLS and its related factors among older adults in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Kermanshah province, Iran in 2021.
Methods: Totally, 240 elderlies entered the study using two stages random sampling. The instruments used in the study included the International RLS Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Mind Wandering Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire.
Results: Symptoms of RLS were mild in 68.3% of the participants and severe in 14.2% of them. There was a statistically significant relationship between RLS and sleep quality (p = 0.001) and daily drowsiness (p = 0.034). The chance of developing RLS in the group with poor sleep quality was 22% higher than the group with good sleep quality (OR = 1.22). Also, people with drowsiness were 13% more likely to develop RLS than others (OR = 1.131), and in the age group of 71-80 years and over 80 years, 6% and 2% higher than the 60-70 years respectively (OR = 1.068 and 1.023). No statistically significant relationship was found between RLS with mind wandering and pain self-efficacy.
Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of RLS and its relationship with sleep quality and daily drowsiness among older adults, implementation of RLS screening to identify patients to prevent sleep disorders seems necessary. The relation of RLS with mind wandering and pain self-efficacy need further studies.

Keywords: Aging, Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep Quality

Full-Text [PDF 472 kb] (277 Downloads) | | Full-Text (HTML) (322 Views)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: General
Received: 2022/09/4 | Accepted: 2022/11/23 | Published: 2022/12/29

References

1. Allen RP, Kushida CA, Atkinson MJ, Consortium RQ. Factor analysis of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group's scale for restless legs severity. Sleep Medicine. 2003; 4(2): 133-5.

2. Celle S, Roche F, Kerleroux J, Thomas-Anterion C, Laurent B, Rouch I, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome in an elderly French population: the synapse study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2010; 65(2): 167-73.

3. Cho S-J, Hong JP, Hahm B-J, Jeon HJ, Chang SM, Cho MJ, et al. Restless legs syndrome in a community sample of Korean adults: prevalence, impact on quality of life, and association with DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. Sleep. 2009; 32(8): 1069-76.

4. Hornyak M, Trenkwalder C. Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the elderly. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2004; 56(5): 543-8.

5. Young WB, Piovesan EJ, Biglan KM. Restless legs syndrome and drug-induced akathisia in headache patients. CNS Spectrums. 2003; 8(6):450-6.

6. Safak ED, Gocer S, Mucuk S, Ozturk A, Akin S, Arguvanli S, et al. The prevalence and related factors of restless leg syndrome in the community dwelling elderly; in Kayseri, Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2016; 65: 29-35.

7. Mizuno S, Miyaoka T, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in non-institutionalized Japanese elderly. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2005; 59(4): 461-5.

8. Fragoso YD, Finkelsztejn A, Gomes S, Kaimen-Maciel DR, Oliveira CL, Lopes J, et al. Restless legs syndrome and multiple sclerosis: a Brazilian multicenter study and meta-analysis of the literature. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 2011; 69(2a): 180-3.

9. Stiasny-Kolster K, Trenkwalder C, Fogel W, Greulich W, Hahne M, Lachenmayer L, et al. Restless legs syndrome—new insights into clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment options. Journal of Neurology. 2004; 251(6): 39-43.

10. Trotti LM, Bhadriraju S, Rye DB. An update on the pathophysiology and genetics of restless legs syndrome. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2008; 8(4): 281-7.

11. Ghanei R, Hemati-Maslak-Pak M, Ghosi S, Hossein-Pour H, Amin-Pour E, Baghi V. Restless legs syndrome and the quality of sleep in type II diabetes. Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 15(3): 240-6. [Persian]

12. Abedi P, Bagheri R, Qorbani M, Ansari S. Is there a relationship between restless legs syndrome and medical problems in pregnant women? A cross-sectional study in Iran. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2020; 120(5): 1091-96.

13. Yilmaz NH, Akbostanci MC, Oto A, Aykac O. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Ankara, Turkey: an analysis of diagnostic criteria and awareness. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2013; 113(3): 247-51.

14. Asghari A, Nicholas MK. Pain self-efficacy beliefs and pain behaviour. A prospective study. Pain. 2001; 94(1): 85-100.

15. Sadiq AKJ. Self-efficacy, physical function and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis [MS thesis]. Canada: Queen's University; 2008.

16. Nikdel F, Arabzadeh M, Ghazanfari N. The survey of relationship between memory self-efficacy and hope with quality of life in older adults of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad in 2016. Journal of Gerontology. 2016; 1(2): 19-26. [Persian]

17. Kim J-M, Kwon H-M, Lim CS, Kim YS, Lee S-J, Nam H. Restless legs syndrome in patients on hemodialysis: symptom severity and risk factors. Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2008; 4(4): 153-7.

18. Mollahosseini S, Mohammadzadeh S, Kamali P, Tavakoli SM. Frequency of sleep disorder and restless legs syndrome in patients referring to hemodialysis units in university hospitals in Tehran in 2003. Medical Sciences. 2005; 15(1): 27-30. [Persian]

19. Hemmati Z, Alidosti M. Frequency of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients referring to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province hospitals. Journal of Health and Care. 2012; 14(4): 28-34. [Persian]

20. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research. 1989; 28(2): 193–213.

21. Ghoreyshi A, Aghajani A. Sleep quality in Zanjan university medical students. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2008; 66(1): 61-7. [Persian]

22. Nicholas MK. The pain self-efficacy questionnaire: taking pain into account. European Journal of Pain. 2007; 11(2): 153-63.

23. Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991; 14(6): 540-5.

24. Gaffari F, Mohammadi SZ. Frequency of daytime sleepiness in hypertensive women. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2011; 19(1): 5-15. [Persian]

25. Masoodzade A, Zangane A, Shahbaznezhad L. Daytime sleepiness in medical students at Mazandaran university of medical sciences, 2003. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2006; 16(52): 75-80. [Persian]

26. Mrazek MD, Phillips DT, Franklin MS, Broadway JM, Schooler JW. Young and restless: validation of the mind-wandering questionnaire (MWQ) reveals disruptive impact of mind-wandering for youth. Frontiers in Psychology. 2013; 4(560): 1-7.

27. Zamani Zad N, Golzar t. Structural relationship between creativity dimensions and mental wandering of students. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2017; 8(2): 25-37. [Persian]

28. Farajzadeh M, Hosseini M, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Ghosi S, Nazari M, Nahid K. Investigating the association between Restless Leg Syndrome and depression in elderly. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing. 2016; 2(3): 18-26. [Persian]

29. Cirillo DJ, Wallace RB. Restless legs syndrome and functional limitations among American elders in the Health and Retirement Study. BMC Geriatrics. 2012; 12(1): 1-12.

30. Agüera-Ortiz L, Perez MIRG, Osorio RS, Sacks H, Palomo T. Prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome among psychogeriatric patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011; 26(12): 1252-9.

31. Rothdach A, Trenkwalder C, Haberstock J, Keil U, Berger K. Prevalence and risk factors of RLS in an elderly population: the MEMO study. Neurology. 2000; 54(5): 1064-8.

32. Nichols DA, Allen RP, Grauke JH, Brown JB, Rice ML, Hydeet PR, et al. Restless legs syndrome symptoms in primary care: a prevalence study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003; 163(19): 2323-9.

33. Phillips B, Young T, Finn L, Asher K, Hening WA, Purvis C. Epidemiology of restless legs symptoms in adults. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000; 160(14): 2137-41.

34. Berger K, Luedemann J, Trenkwalder C, John U, Kessler C. Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004; 164(2): 196-202.

35. Bassetti CL, Mauerhofer D, Gugger M, Mathis J, Hess CW. Restless legs syndrome: a clinical study of 55 patients. European Neurology. 2001; 45(2): 67-74.

36. Saletu M, Anderer P, Saletu B, Lindeck-Pozza L, Hauer C, Saletu-Zyhlarz G. EEG mapping in patients with restless legs syndrome as compared with normal controls. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2002; 115(1-2): 49-61.

37. Gamaldo C, Benbrook AR, Allen RP, Oguntimein O, Earley CJ. Evaluating daytime alertness in individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) compared to sleep restricted controls. Sleep Medicine. 2009; 10(1): 134-8.

38. Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J, Hening W, Myers A, Bell T, et al. Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2005; 165(11): 1286-92.

39. Abetz L, Allen R, Follet A, Washburn T, Earley C, Kirsch J, et al. Evaluating the quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome. Clinical Therapeutics. 2004; 26(6): 925-35.

40. Dhawan V, Dhoat S, Williams A, Dimarco A, Pal S, Forbes A, et al. The range and nature of sleep dysfunction in untreated Parkinson's disease (PD). A comparative controlled clinical study using the Parkinson's disease sleep scale and selective polysomnography. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2006; 248(1-2): 158-62.

41. Ondo WG, Vuong KD, Khan H, Atassi F, Kwak C, Jankovic J. Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2001; 57(8): 1392-6.

42. Högl B, Paulus W, Clarenbach P, Trenkwalder C. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic assessment and the advantages and risks of dopaminergic treatment. Journal of Neurology. 2006; 253(4): 22-8.

43. Winkelmann J, Prager M, Lieb R, Pfister H, Spiegel B, Wittchen H-U, et al. Anxietas Tibiarum depression and anxiety disorders in patients with restless legs syndrome. Journal of Neurology. 2005; 252(1): 67-71.