Guidelines for Authors
Ethical Considerations
Authorship
Changes to Authorship
Misconduct
Plagiarism
Image manipulation
Data fabrication/falsification
Research Involving Human Subjects
Clinical Trials Registration
Confidentiality
Conflict of Interest
Corrections, Retractions, and Updates after Publication
Complaints Procedures
Guidelines for Preparation of Manuscript
Types and Formats of Acceptable Articles
Language and Style
Submitted Manuscript Sections
Cover Letter
Title Page
Abstract and Keywords
References
Tables and Figures
Acknowledgments
Peer Review Process
Article-processing charges (APC)
Data Respository and Data Sharing
Archiving Policy
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use in Journal Articles
Submit an Appeal
Guidelines for Authors
The Elderly Health Journal (EHJ) is a biannually refereed, non-profit, and open-access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, case studies, and short communications on aging and health. The primary objective of the EHJ is to provide the academic community with an avenue to share professional and academic knowledge in all areas of the subject. The editorial board invites the submission of articles related to all areas of aging and health. The EHJ follows a “double-blind” peer review process in which the authors and reviewers are not informed of each other’s identity. Manuscripts submitted for review should have not been or be under current consideration for publication by other journals.
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Ethical Considerations
Regarding the importance of required ethical considerations for EHJ, they are also presented in a separate tab.
The Elderly Health Journal (EHJ), with a rigorous review process and clear ethical policies, supports the publication of high-quality scientific studies. When faced with ethical issues, the journal is committed to investigating and taking the necessary measures to ensure compliance with ethical protocols, the safety of research participants, and adherence to COPE principles.
EHJ follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)’s flowcharts and guidelines, also “the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals” issued by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) (http://www.icmje.org).
The research that involves human beings (or animals) must adhere to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (https://www.wma.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/DoH-Oct2008.pdf). The privacy rights of human participants must be observed. Also, attention should be paid to the principles of participants' anonymity and their information confidentiality, which should be mentioned in the manuscript.
Authors who submit their articles to our journal must:
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Ensure that their manuscripts are ethically sound and meet the necessary ethical standards reflected in EHJ policies.
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Present their research findings accurately in the EHJ format including Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion.
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Ensure accurate inclusion of the names of all and only those who qualify for authorship and clearly state their contributions.
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Disclose any potential competition or conflict of interest at submission.
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The data and methods used in the research should be presented in sufficient detail in the manuscript so that other researchers can replicate their work. EHJ recommended that the raw data be made publicly available unless there is a compelling reason (eg, participant's confidentiality).
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Note that submitting the articles to more than one journal at the same time is not ethical and it is considered as misconduct.
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The results of the research must not previously publish, and any translation must follow our translation policy.
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For any previously published content such as figures or tables, permission to reproduce from the copyright holder is required.
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Authorship
EHJ follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines which state that in order to qualify for authorship of a manuscript; authors must meet all four criteria:
“• Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual content; AND
• Final approval of the version to be published; AND
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved.”
For those who contributed to the research but did not have the authorship criteria, it is necessary to mention their names in the "acknowledgments section".
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Changes to Authorship
Any changes to the list of authors (including any addition, removal, or rearrangement of author names) after submitting the manuscript must be approved by all authors, including those who have been removed. All authors must complete and sign up for an “authorship change form” which provides a reason for the change. The journal reserves the right to review the issues related to authorship and to approve changes in authorship after the manuscript submission.
EHJ follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) policies in this regard.
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Misconduct
At EHJ, we are dedicated to maintaining the highest ethical standards in all aspects of our operations and scholarly publications. Our policy on misconduct is designed to support integrity in the research and publication process, and to address any issues in a fair and timely manner.
Misconduct in research and publication includes, but is not limited to:
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is copying text, ideas, images, or data from another source without crediting the original source. If the text is copied from another source, it should be placed between quotation marks and refer to the original source. If the study design is inspired by previous studies, this should be explicitly mentioned.
All submissions to EHJ are checked for plagiarism using standard plagiarism checker software. If plagiarism is detected during the review process or after publication, the paper may be rejected or retracted. We follow coping policies in this field. The plagiarism checking is performed in two stages; immediately after the submission of a manuscript and before publishing. EHJ uses reliable and standard plagiarism checker software for detecting instances of similar text and overlapping in submitted manuscripts.
Image Manipulation
According to EHJ policies, any manipulation of the images in such a way as to lead to a misinterpretation of the information provided by the original image is unethical and not accepted. If image manipulation is detected during the review process or after publication, the paper may be rejected or retracted. We follow COPE policies in this field.
Data Fabrication/Falsification
Data fabrication and falsification mean unauthorized creation, presentation, or reporting of research data with the intent of deceiving the academic community are highly unethical and are an example of publication fraud, which is prosecuted in some jurisdictions.
EHJ takes following measures to prevent misconduct:
- Encouraging peer reviewers to be vigilant and report any concerns.
- Providing clear guidelines for authors and reviewers about our ethical standards.
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Research Involving Human Subjects
In all research conducted on human subjects, human tissues, or human data, even non-interventional studies (such as surveys and questionnaire studies), authors must comply with the Declaration of Helsinki rules (https://www.wma.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/DoH-Oct2008.pdf) in their research report. Also, the approval code of the ethics committee should be mentioned with the name of the relevant ethics committee. Also, the ethics committee approval letter, including the research title, the date of approval, and the name of the ethics committee, must be submitted with the manuscript.
If, for some reason, ethical approval is not required, authors must provide the documentation of their ethics committee exemption. Where a study has been granted an exemption, the name of the ethics committee that made the recommendation should be listed in the “Ethical consideration” section with a full explanation of why ethical approval is not required.
Written informed consent must be obtained from all participants in the study before starting the research, and this topic should also be mentioned in the “Ethical Considerations" section. Details about the participants should be as anonymous as possible. The editors reserve the right to reject any submission that does not meet these requirements. The journal reserves the right to ask the authors to provide consent forms signed by the participants, if necessary.
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Clinical Trials Registration
EHJ follows the ICMJE guidelines which recommend registration of clinical trials in an approved public trials registry
(Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials -www.IRCT.ir
U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinical Trials Registry - http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
EU Clinical Trials Register - https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu
WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform - https://apps.who.int/trialsearch/)
before starting the research. All Iranian Clinical Trials must be registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.IRCT.ir), in order to be considered for publication.
Observational studies do not require registration.
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Confidentiality
The Editor(s) and the editorial staff will take all reasonable steps to preserve the confidentiality of the authors’ and reviewers’ identities. They must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, other editorial advisers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
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Conflict of Interest
Editors
The editors of this journal are aware of the risk of conflict of interest in manuscript management and are asked to disclose potential conflicts with the author (s), if any, to avoid any decisions influenced by relationships with the authors.
Reviewers
The EHJ Journal requires referees to provide a fair assessment. As such, editors must ensure that reviewers do not have a conflict of interest, which prevents reviewers from acting unfairly. When referees are invited to review a manuscript, they are asked to consider any competing interests between them and the authors. Referees are asked to disclose any conflicts of interest while refereeing.
Journal Staff
Editorial staff members who participate in editorial decisions must provide editors with a current description of their relationships and activities (as they might relate to editorial judgments) and recuse themselves from any decisions in which an interest that poses a potential conflict exists. Editorial staff should not use information obtained through working with manuscripts for personal gain.
Editors should regularly publish their own and their journal's staff disclosure statements.
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Corrections, Retractions, and Updates after Publication
Sometimes, after the publication of an article, it may be necessary to change the article due to reasons determined by the journal's editor, one of the reviewers, or readers, or at the request of the authors themselves. This is done after careful review by the supporting editor to ensure that the necessary changes are made by the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Any changes will be accompanied by a post-publication notice permanently and a link is made to the original published article to help the reader see both the retraction note and the article itself. This can be in the form of a corrective notice, corrigendum, and retraction. The purpose of this mechanism is to make permanent and transparent changes, to ensure the integrity of scientific records.
In case of infringements of professional, and ethical issues, such as multiple submissions, bogus claims of authorship, duplication, plagiarism, fraudulent use of data, or the like that are determined to violate EHJ ethics guidelines, a retraction will be used to correct errors in published articles. The EHJ for retraction of a published article uses the COPE guidelines: https://publicationethics.org/retraction-guidelines
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Complaints Procedures
This procedure applies to complaints about the policies, procedures, or actions of The EHJ Editorial Board. We welcome complaints as they provide an opportunity and a spur for improvement, and we aim to respond quickly, courteously, and constructively. The following procedures are followed:
Definition
Our definition of a complaint is as follows:
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The complainant expresses his or her expression of unhappiness as a complaint.
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We infer that the complainant is not simply disagreeing with a decision we have made or something we have published (which happens every day) but thinks that there has been a failure of process; for example, a long delay, a rude response, or a severe misjudgment.
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The complaint must be about something that is within the responsibility of The EHJ editorial board - content or process.
How to Make a Complaint
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Whenever possible, complaints will be processed by the relevant member of the Editorial Board. If that person cannot deal with the complaint, it will be referred to the appropriate section editor or the executive editor.
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Complaints that are not under the control of the EHJ Editorial Board will be sent to the chairman of the EHJ.
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All complaints will be acknowledged within seven working days.
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If possible, a full response will be made within four weeks. If this is not possible, an interim response will be given within four weeks. Further interim responses will be provided until the complaint is resolved.
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If the complainant is not happy with the resolution, s/he can ask for the complaint to be forwarded to the Ethics Committee at the School of Public Health at Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences.
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If the complainant remains unhappy, complaints should be forwarded to the Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee, whose decision is final.
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If a complainant remains unhappy after what the university Ethics Committee’s final decision, the complainant may complain to The Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). COPE publishes a code of practice for editors of scientific, technical, and medical journals http://www.publicationethics.org. It will consider complaints against editors but only once a journal's own complaints procedures have been exhausted.
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Guidelines for Preparation of Manuscript
The manuscript, the signed copyright form by author(s), and a cover letter to the editor-in-chief are submitted via either elderlyhealthjournal
gmail.com or EHJ’s website. A cover letter signed by the author(s) must indicate that the manuscript has not been previously published or submitted for publication elsewhere. The names, affiliations, academic degrees, mailing addresses, telephone numbers, and e-mail addresses of all authors must be included in the cover letter. Conflicts of interest, if any, are also included in the cover letter. The corresponding author must register the manuscript at the EHJ’s website prior to its submission.
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Types and formats of Acceptable Articles
All articles must conform to our formatting guidelines and not exceed the word count limit for its category.
Original article: Should report original findings and include a maximum of 3500 words of text, plus abstract, 50 references and 5 tables or figures. In general, this kind of publication should be divided into an Abstract, Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusions, and References.
Introduction should address the background and setting, theoretical framework, purpose of the study, and research questions guiding the study. It should neither review the subject extensively nor present any of the study’s results and/or conclusions.
Methods must indicate clearly the steps taken to conduct the study. Specifically, it must include the following subsections: research design, subject selection, instrumentation, data collection, ethical considrations, and data analysis.
Results should be presented in chronological sequence in the text, table(s), and figure(s). The results should not be obtained from elsewhere. Tables and illustrations have to be cited in order they appear in the text, using Arabic numerals.
Discussion should include the significance of the study, theoretical and clinical/practical implications, and suggestions for further research
Conclusions must be supported by the study’s findings. The study’s limitations and delimitations must be incorporated in drawing conclusions.
Short communication: A shorter article that should report original findings. Short communication may contain no more than 2 tables or figures, a maximum of 2000 words and 30 references. An abstract must be included.
Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: These kinds of articles should be authoritative and identify any gaps in our knowledge or understanding. Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses must contain a brief section entitled “Search strategy and selection criteria.” This should state clearly the sources (e.g., databases, listing of journal or book references) of the material covered, and the criteria used to include or exclude studies; for example, English language only or studies conducted after a specific date. Review Articles should not exceed 5000 words plus abstract, 60 references, and 5 tables or figures.
It is recommended that authors follow the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidance, and all systematic reviews must be accompanied by a completed checklist (available at http://www.prisma-statement.org/), which should be included as a supplementary file at the time of submission.
Editorials: editorials deal with important topics on which the author would like to express an opinion, i.e. 'hot' topics. Maximum of 1500 words and 20 references.
Case Reports: Clinically interesting cases should be written in a maximum of 1500 words (plus abstract) with no more than 2 figures or tables and a maximum of 10 references.
Qualitative Research Articles: Articles should be methodologically rigorous, offer new perspectives/data on ‘old’ problems, or extend current knowledge in particular ways. Maximum of 5000 words (including illustrative data), 50 references, and 5 tables or figures. All requirements for original articles should be addressed for Qualitative Research Articles
Letters to the Editor: provocative, stimulating and amusing letters on general points of interest, as well as comments on and criticisms of articles previously published in the journal. This correspondence offers an opportunity for feedback, debate, and the promotion of ideas for future articles. Letters to the Editor should be of no more than 1000 words, 10 references, and 1 table or figure. Letters to the Editors may be edited.
Book Reviews: no abstract or references are needed. They should be a short critical analysis and evaluation of the quality, meaning, and significance of a book that addresses at least one of main topics of the Journal (the authors should contact the Editor-in-Chief of the journal for his/her approval before submitting a Book review).
Review [generally by invitation of Editors]: Review articles are comprehensive analyses of specific topics in aging and health that are usually solicited by the Editors. Proposals for State of the Art Review articles may be submitted; however, in this case authors should only send an outline of the proposed paper for initial consideration. Both solicited and unsolicited review articles will undergo peer review prior to acceptance. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses should be submitted and treated as Original Contributions. Word Limit: 4,000 words maximum, excluding abstract, references, tables, and figures, Abstract: 250 words maximum, References: 100 maximum, Figures/Tables: no maximum.
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Language and Style
Papers should be in English, typed doubled-spaced, and saved as Microsoft Word document in Times new Roman; PDF files are not acceptable. All measurements should be in the International System of Units (SI), which is the modern form of the metric system.
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Submitted Manuscript Sections
The submitted manuscript should include the following items:
Cover letter
Title page
Abstract and keywords (if necessary according to article category)
Text (according to article category)
Acknowledgments
References
Tables (if any)
Figures (if any)
Appendices (if any)
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Cover letter
The cover letter must include a brief purpose of the study, its importance to the journal, sole submission to the EHJ, and submission approval by all authors.
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Title Page
Title page includes the title of the manuscript; authors' names and affiliations; name of the institution/university where the work was done; running title (short form of the main title listed at the top of all pages, maximum of 5 words with exception of prepositions and conjunctions words); and complete mailing address, telephone, number, and email address of the corresponding author. The cover page is by itself. The first character of all words in the manuscript title must be in capital form with the exception of prepositions and conjunctions words.
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Abstract and Keywords
Abstract and keywords page should include the flowing items:
The abstract, not exceeding 300 words, should consist of four sections: introduction, methods, results, and conclusion.
Please list 5 keywords at the end of the abstract. At least half of the keywords should be MESH terms. (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/MBrowser.html).
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References
References should be numbered consecutively (Vancouver style) and cited in the manuscript text by number (not author and date). References should not be formatted as footnotes. We suggest the use of reference management software in preparation of references.
Examples of Referenced Journal Articles:
One author: Snowdon J. Severe depression in old age. Medicine Today. 2002; 3(12):40-7.
Two authors: Turk DC, Cohen M. Sleep as a marker in the effective management of chronic osteoarthritis pain with opioid analgesics. Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2010; 39(6):477-90.
Three to six authors: Hunskaar S, Lose G, Sykes D, Voss S. The prevalence of urinary incontinence in women in four European countries. British Journal of Urology. 2004; 93(3):324-30.
More than six authors: Fairhall N, Sherrington C, Lord SR, Kurrle SE, Langron C, Lockwood K, et al. Effect of a multifactorial, interdisciplinary intervention on risk factors for falls and fall rate in frail older people: a randomized controlled trial. Age and Ageing. 2014; 43(5):616-22.
Examples of Referenced Books:
One author: Shephard RJ. Aging, physical activity, and health: Human Kinetics Publishers; 1997.
Two to six authors: Cheers B, Darracott R, Lonne B. Social care practice in rural communities. Sydney: The Federation Press; 2007.
Six or more authors: Hofmeyr GJ, Neilson JP, Alfirevic Z, Crowther CA, Gulmezoglu AM, Hodnett ED, et al. A Cochrane pocketbook: Pregnancy and childbirth. Chichester, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2008.
Edited book: Brooks A, Mahoney P, Rowlands B, editors. ABC of tubes, drains, lines and frames. West Sussex: Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2008.
Book in a series: Bennett GL, Horuk R. Iodination of chemokines for use in receptor binding analysis. In: Horuk R, editor. Chemokine receptors. New York (NY): Academic Press; 1997. P. 134-48. (Methods in enzymology; vol 288).
Electronic book – entire book: Bartlett A. Breastwork: Rethinking breastfeeding [monograph online]. Sydney, NSW: University of New South Wales Press; 2005 [cited 2009 Nov 10]. Available from: Net Library
Translation of a book: Luria AR. The mind of a mnemonist [L. Solotaroff, trans]. New York: Avon Books; 1969.
Chapter in an edited book: Rowlands TE, Haine LS. Acute limb ischaemia. In: Donnelly R, London NJM, editors. ABC of arterial and venous disease. 2nd ed. West Sussex. Blackwell Publishing; 2009.
Chapter in a book: Speroff L, Fritz MA. Clinical gynaecologic endocrinology and infertility. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005. Chapter 29, Endometriosis; p.1103-33.
Reports and other Government publications:
Australia. Parliament. Senate. Select Committee on Climate Policy. Climate policy report. Canberra: The Senate; 2009.
Thesis:
Kay JG. Intracellular cytokine trafficking and phagocytosis in macrophages [PhD thesis]. St Lucia, Qld: University of Queensland; 2007.
Thesis retrieved from database/internet: Pahl KM. Preventing anxiety and promoting social and emotional strength in early childhood: an investigation of aetiological risk factors [PhD thesis]. St Lucia, Qld: University of Queensland; 2009 [cited 2010 Mar 24]. Available from: University of Queensland Library E-Reserve.
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Tables and Figures
Tables are placed at the end of the manuscript in separate pages. The position of each table should be clearly specified in the body of the text of the article.
All Figures (charts, diagrams, line drawings, web pages/screenshots, and photographic images) should be submitted in electronic form as a separate file. All figures should be of high quality, legible, and numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals.
The superscripts and/or asterisks should be shown next to the relevant items and have corresponding explanations displayed as footnotes to the table, figure, or plate.
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Acknowledgments
The authors are encouraged to acknowledge the people and/or entities that supported the conduct of the study.
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Peer Review Process
The EHJ follows a “double-blind” peer review process in which the authors and reviewers are not informed of each other’s identity. Manuscripts submitted for review should have not been or be under current consideration for publication by other journals.
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Article-processing charges (APC)
There is no article processing charge for publication in this journal. Also, EHJ does not charge any APC for submitting and reviewing the manuscripts.
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Data Repository and Data Sharing
At EHJ, we value transparency and reproducibility in research, which are essential for validating results and advancing knowledge. While we currently do not have a dedicated infrastructure for a data repository, we are committed to facilitating data sharing to the extent possible and are actively exploring solutions for future implementation.
Given our present constraints, we encourage authors to:
- Store their datasets in institutional or subject-specific public repositories where available and appropriate.
- Include a statement within their manuscript on how and where the data can be accessed. If the data cannot be publicly shared due to ethical or legal reasons, provide a valid explanation within the manuscript.
- Share data with fellow researchers upon request to the extent that they are able, in accordance with ethical guidelines and applicable privacy laws.
For the interim period, our expectations are as follows:
- Authors should make every reasonable effort to preserve and provide access to their data, honoring any requests for data where feasible.
- Authors are responsible for ensuring that their data is stored securely and maintained according to ethical standards for data retention.
As our journal grows, and with the increasing importance of data visibility, we plan to:
- Develop partnerships with established data repositories to facilitate easy data submission and storage for our authors.
- Establish clear guidelines and infrastructure to support the permanent archiving of data.
- Consider the integration of data sharing within the manuscript submission process, with the goal of indexing our journal in reputable databases that support enhanced data discoverability.
Even as we tackle current limitations, our guiding principles remain to:
- Uphold the integrity of the research we publish.
- Support the scientific community by promoting data sharing whenever possible.
- Adhere to the evolving standards of open science and best practices in data management.
We invite feedback and suggestions from our community regarding data sharing and repository use. We aim to be responsive to the needs of the community and to provide updates on our policy as our capabilities expand.
For queries or suggestions regarding data sharing and our evolving policy, please contact the editorial office at elderlyhealthjournalgmail.com.
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Archiving Policy
The articles published by EHJ are archived on our website and also in multiple international databases around the world to guarantee long-term digital preservation.
These archives include:
Morover, all published articles in EHJ, are backed up and archived by Shahid Sadoughi University of medical sciences as the publisher of the journal.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) Use in Journal Articles
Ehj encourages the use of AI in research articles. However, it is important that authors disclose the use of AI in their articles in a transparent and accurate manner. This disclosure should be made in the Acknowledgments section of the article, and should include the following information:
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The name of the AI tool or software used
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The specific purpose for which the AI tool or software was used
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Any limitations or drawbacks associated with the use of the AI tool or software
By disclosing the use of AI in their articles, authors help to ensure that readers are aware of the potential impact of AI on the results and conclusions of the research.
Examples of AI Use in Journal Articles: Some examples of how AI can be used in journal articles include:
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Data analysis: AI can be used to analyze large datasets, identify patterns, and make predictions.
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Machine learning: AI can be used to train machine learning models to perform tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and forecasting.
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Computational simulations: AI can be used to create computational simulations that can be used to test hypotheses or explore new ideas.
Submit an Appeal
At EHJ, we are committed to upholding the highest standards of academic and research integrity. We understand, however, that disputes or concerns can arise following editorial decisions. Our appeals policy is designed to provide authors with an avenue to contest editorial decisions on their manuscripts.
An appeal may be considered if the author(s) believes there has been:
- A substantial error or misunderstanding by the editor or reviewers.
- A decision affected by a clear conflict of interest.
- Evidence of bias or inadequate consideration of the manuscript.
Authors wishing to submit an appeal should do so by following these steps:
1. Submit a formal appeal via email within 30 days of the decision date.
2. Provide a detailed appeal letter stating clearly the grounds for the appeal, including specific responses to any points raised in the decision letter.
3. Include any relevant supporting documentation or data that can substantiate the claim.
Upon receipt of an appeal:
- The editorial team will acknowledge the receipt of the appeal within one week.
- The appeal will be reviewed by a senior editorial member not involved in the initial decision.
- The reviewing editor may consult with additional reviewers or the editorial board if necessary.
- A decision on the appeal will be communicated to the author(s) typically within six weeks of the appeal submission.
- If the appeal is upheld, we may overturn the original decision or request a revised submission.
- If the appeal is rejected, the original decision stands, and further appeals on the same grounds will not be considered.
Decisions to appeal must not be taken lightly, and the burden of proof rests with the author(s). We reserve the right to reject appeals that do not meet the grounds specified above.
Please note that this process is designed for the reconsideration of specific editorial decisions and does not guarantee a different outcome. The integrity of our review process is paramount, and the appeals policy is structured to ensure fairness and rigorous academic standards.
For appeal submissions or inquiries, please contact the editorial office at elderlyhealthjournalgmail.com.