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A Comparative Study on the Effects of Self-Care Program Education Run by Health Volunteers and Health Care Staff on the Elderly's Quality of Life
Fazlollah Ghofranipour, Mahdi Moshki, Seyedeh Elaheh Maddahi, Alireza Jafari Baghkheirati,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (June 2016)
Abstract

Introduction: The diseases and problems due to ageing can affect the quality of life (QoL) in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of self-care program education run by health volunteers and healthcare staff on the QoL in the elderly.

Methods: In this experimental, field trial study, 150 elderly people living in Mashhad were enrolled by multistage sampling in 2014. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups of 50 individuals in each; group A was educated by healthcare staff at healthcare centers, group B by health volunteers at the elderly's homes, and group C was control. The intervention groups (A and B) attended two independent self-care education programs for one month. The data were gathered by the SF-36 questionnaire administered before and one month after the completion of the program. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics [mean (standard deviation)] and analytical statistics (independent samples t-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test).

Results: QoL score of the groups A, B, and C was derived 45.44 ± 23.87, 45.36 ± 23.81, and 45.38 ± 23.83 before the intervention and 48.79 ± 22.09, 63.15 ± 19.03, and 46.08 ± 22.67 after the intervention, respectively. The QoL score of the group B was significantly higher than the other two groups (p < 0.05) after the intervention. Besides that, after the intervention, the mean scores of QoL and physical function, role-physical, role-emotional, social function, bodily pain, and general health increased significantly more markedly in the group B compared with the other two groups.

Conclusion: Self-care education by the health volunteers was much more effective than that by healthcare staff. In addition, implementing the self-care education program contributed to improving QoL and therefore life satisfaction in the elderly.


Relationship between Nutritional Status and Late-Life Depression in Esfarayen, Iran
Ahmad Sadeghi, Hasan Jafari, Hossein Rouhani, Fereshteh Eidy, Akram Zhiani Fard, Najmeh Davoodi,
Volume 6, Issue 1 (June 2020)
Abstract
Introduction: Since nutritional status has a great impact on physical and mental health, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between nutritional status and depression in elderly referring to urban health centers of Esfarayn, North Khorasan province, Iran) in 2017.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 250 elderly referring to Esfarayen health centers. Data collecting tool was a standard questionnaire for investigating nutritional and depression status in the elderly. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, chi-square and correlation coefficient by SPSS18 software.
Results: According to the results, 8.4% of elderly were malnourished and 30% were exposed to malnutrition. There was an inverse correlation between age, number of children and nutritional status, and there was a significant relationship between living alone, underlying diseases, body mass index and nutritional status (p < 0.05). Forthy four percent of the elderly had severe depression and 40% had mild depression. Significant relationship was found between variables such as age, gender, education, economic status, living alone, underlying diseases and depression (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between depression and nutritional status in the elderly (p <0.001, r = -0.615).
Conclusion: Depression is prevalent among elderly, and their nutritional status is in moderate level. Regarding the correlation between these two variables, periodical psychiatric examinations, psychological interventions with the aim of treating depression as well as educational measures to improve the nutrition statues of the elderly is necessary.

The Effect of Eight Weeks of Continuous and Interval Training with Citrus Aurantium Consumption on Autophagy Markers and MyoD Activation in the Muscle Tissue of Elderly Rats
Mina Jafari, Sedigheh Hosseinpour Delavar, Hassan Safikhani, Masoomeh Azizi,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (December 2021)
Abstract
Introduction: Although exercise training and herbs consumption have protective effects on many diseases, the mechanism of action of exercise training with different intensities and citrus aurantium (CA) extract consumption on the autophagy-dependent MyoD activation pathway is not yet known. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) with CA consumption on the expression of LC3-II, Beclin-1 and MyoD as autophagy related markers in the muscle tissue of elderly rats.
 
Methods: In this experimental study, 42 elderly female rats were randomly assigned to (1) control (C) (2) MICT, (3) HIIT, (4) MICT + CA, (5) HIIT + CA, (6) CA and (7) sham (normal saline) groups. HIIT was performed at 85-110% VO2max intensity and 15-25 m / min speed and MICT at 65% VO2max intensity and 20-25 m / min speed; 300 mg / kg / day CA was received peritoneally. One-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test was used to analyze the findings. Findings were analyzed using Graph Pad Prism 8.3.0 software (p ≤ 0.05).
 
Results: MICT and HIIT increased LC3II, Bclin1 and MyoD gene expression (p ≤ 0.05); The effect of HIIT on MyoD increase was greater than MICT (p ≤ 0.05). CA increased the expression of LC3II and Bclin1 (p ≤ 0.05). MICT + CA and HIIT + CA increased the expression of LC3II, Bclin1 and MyoD in the muscle tissue of elderly rats (p ≤ 0.05).
 
Conclusion: It seems that exercise training and CA consumption with different mechanism of action activate autophagy in the soleus muscle tissue, however the simultaneous use of HIIT, MICT and CA also has favorable effects on the autophagy-dependent MyoD activation pathway.
Neglect in Nursing Homes: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Zahra Khalili, Mina Jafarizadeh, Soudabeh Mohammadi , Behnam Molaei, Fatemeh Ebrahimi Belil,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (June 2024)
Abstract
Introduction: Neglect refers to the failure to meet the needs and well-being of elderly individuals. This can include inadequate care by responsible caregivers or a lack of essential necessities such as food, water, shelter, personal hygiene, medication, comfort, and safety. Despite the prevalence of neglect, no studies have specifically investigated its occurrence and related factors among elderly residents in nursing homes in Iran. In this study, we aimed to address this gap by examining neglect among older adults covered by state welfare centers in Ardabil city (Iran) in 2020.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study involving 130 older people in Ardabil, located in northwestern Iran. Our data collection tool consisted of a two-part questionnaire: one section focused on demographic information and the Elder Neglect Checklist. Participants were selected through a census from older adults residing in nursing homes. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 22).
Results: Among the 130 participants, 56 (43.08%) were male, and 74 (56.92%) were female. The overall prevalence of neglect was 39.2%. Dental problems were the most common type of neglect (36.2%), followed by neglect related to providing a healthy environment (24.6%). Additionally, our findings revealed significant associations between neglect and marital status (p = 0.001), previous occupation (p = 0.002), and a history of illness (p = 0.046).
Conclusion: The study highlights a concerning rate of neglect among elderly individuals, posing serious risks to their health and security. To address this issue, health and welfare officials, along with nursing homes, should implement necessary measures to improve the well-being of older adults and align with international standards.


Corresponding Author:  Fatemeh Ebrahimi Belil
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