Death Anxiety in the Elderly During the Coronavirus 2019 Pandemic (COVID-19) 2 2 This article has no abstract. 56 57 2021/11/21 1400/8/30 2022/12/11 1401/9/20 Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Iran farzinbagheri73@gmail.com Erbesler ZA, Demir G. Determination of death anxiety and death-related depression levels in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Omega (Westport). 2022:302228221082429.##Yan Y, Du X, Lai L, Ren Z, Li H. Prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among Chinese older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology. 2022; 35(2): 182-95.##Parra PN, Atanasov V, Whittle J, Meurer J, Luo QE, Zhang R, et al. The effect of the covid-19 pandemic on the elderly: population fatality rates, covid mortality percentage, and life expectancy loss. The Elder Law Journal. 2022; 30:33-8.##Axfors C, Ioannidis J. Infection fatality rate of COVID-19 in community-dwelling elderly populations. European Journal of Epidemiology. 2022; 37(3): 235-49.##Bosetti C, Rognoni M, Ciampichini R, Paroni L, Scala M, d’Oro LC, et al. A real-world analysis of COVID-19 impact on hospitalizations in older adults with chronic conditions from an Italian region. Scientific Reports. 2022; 12(1): 1-8.##Robbins R, Weaver MD, Czeisler MÉ, Barger LK, Quan SF, Czeisler CA. Associations between changes in daily behaviors and self-reported feelings of depression and anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2022; 77(7): 150-9.##Lábadi B, Arató N, Budai T, Inhóf O, Stecina DT, Sík A, et al. Psychological well-being and coping strategies of elderly people during the COVID-19 pandemic in Hungary. Aging & Mental Health. 2022; 26(3): 570-7.##Tan J, Yoshida Y, Sheng-Kai Ma K, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lee CC. Gender differences in health protective behaviours and its implications for COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2022; 22(1): 1-9.##Durmuş M, Durar E. The relationship between spiritual well-being and fear of COVID-19 among Turkish elders. Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging. 2022; 34(1): 3-16.##Rababa M, Hayajneh AA, Bani-Iss W. Association of death anxiety with spiritual well-being and religious coping in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Religion and Health. 2021; 60(1): 50-63.##Guner TA, Erdogan Z, Demir I. The effect of loneliness on death anxiety in the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Omega-Journal of Death and Dying. 2021:1-21.##Xiao Z, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Bao Y, Zhang C. The effect of group identification on death anxiety: the Chain mediation role of close relationships and self-esteem. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(16): 10179.##Partouche-Sebban J, Rezaee Vessal S, Sorio R, Castellano S, Khelladi I, Orhan MA. How death anxiety influences coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: investigating the role of spirituality, national identity, lockdown and trust. Journal of Marketing Management. 2021; 37(17-18): 1815-39.## ##

Older Adults in Developing Countries Seem to be Neglected Contacts in Technological Products 2 2 This article has no abstract. 58 59 2021/11/212022/11/8 1401/8/17 2022/12/112022/11/28 1401/9/7 Siros Samei-Sis Siros Samei-Sis Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Research Center, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Haidar Nadrian Haidar Nadrian Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Akbar Azizi-Zeinalhajlou Akbar Azizi-Zeinalhajlou Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran akbarazizi55@gmail.com Garkushenko ON. Information and communication technologies in the era of the smart industry development: problems of definition and conditions of development. Economy of Industry. 2018; 2(82): 50-75.##Centre for Excellence in Universal Design. 10 things to know about UD [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 15] [Available from: http://universaldesign.ie/what-is-universal-design/the-10-things-to-know-about-ud/10-things-to-know-about-ud.html##ESCAP. Inequality in Asia and the Pacific in the era of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. United Nations; 2018.##Hasanaali L. Media literacy training and coping with the inter-generational gap (emphasis on Inter-generational digital gap). Proceedings of the First National Congress on Pathology and Harm Reduction of Inter-generational gap (background, challenges, and solutions); 2018 Jan 30. Bushehr; 2018. [Persian]##Abbasi-esfanjir A, Sam S, Amirian Reyhaneh. The generation gap in values: comparison of the young and elderly. Journal of Specialized Social Science. 2013; 10(38): 162-85. [Persian]##Moedfar S. Generation gap or generation discontinuity (Generation gap in Iran). Sociological Review. 2004; 24(24): 55-80. [Persian]##Niazi M, Babayifard A, Zamani R. Old Age Sociology. sokhanvaran; 2011. [Persian]##Azadarmaki T. Investigating the theory of modernization: a case study on cultural fatalism in Iran. Culture. 1997; 22: 191-208. [Persian]##Larijani M, Tajmazinani AA. A study of factors influencing social exclusion of the elderly in Varamin city. Journal of Applied Sociology. 2015; 26(3): 57-74. [Persian]##UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Literacy rates continue to rise from one generation to the next [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2022 Oct 17]; Available from: http://uis.unesco.org/en/topic/literacy##Global Education Monitoring Report. Global education monitoring report 2019: Migration, displacement, and education: Building bridges, not walls. UNESCO Paris; 2018.##Morsink J. The universal declaration of human rights. University of Pennsylvania Press; 2010.##Davies S, Ellis L, Laker S. Promoting autonomy and independence for older people within nursing practice: an observational study. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2000; 9(1): 127-36.##Oleson M, Heading C, McGlynn K, Bistodeau JA. Quality of life in long-stay institutions in England: nurse and resident perceptions. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1994; 20(1): 23-32.##Nyström AE, Segesten KM. On sources of powerlessness in nursing home life. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1994; 19(1): 124-33.##Darvishpoor Kakhki A, Abed Saeedi J, Delavar A, Saeed-O-Zakerin M. Autonomy in the elderly: a phenomenological study. Hakim Journal. 2010; 12(4): 1-10. [Persian]## ##

Aging, Anxiety and Inequality: The Relation between Anxiety about Aging and Gender Inequality among Women in Shiraz City (Iran) 2 2 Introduction: Taking into account the growth of increase in the elderly population in Iran and the world, and the emergence of the phenomenon of feminization of aging, the present study has been conducted, with aim of examining the relationship between anxiety about aging and the perceived and experienced gender inequality among the women of Shiraz city (Iran). Methods: This cross-sectional study has been carried on 30 to 70 years old women in the city of Shiraz. The requied sample size is estimated to be 405 individuals, and the participants selected through a stratified random sampling. Data collection has taken place by a questionnaire which some of the questions of that were made by the authors and some are borrowed from anxiety about aging scale.The collected data were analyzed with SPSS 21 using pearson corellation tests. Results: Experienced inequality has a significant positive correlation with anxiety about aging (total) (r = 0.226; p < 0.01). The relation between perceived inequality has also been positive and significant with anxiety about aging (total) (r = 132; p < 0.05). Furthermore, there is a significant relationship between gender inequality (perceived and experienced) and anxiety about aging in different aspects, including social and economic fears, psychological fears, fear of losing the feminine position, fear of losing health, and fear of physical changes and changes in appearance. Conclusion: The anxiety about aging increases among women who experience and percive gender inequality. According to the accelerating process of population aging and the importance of paying attention to the social, psychological, and physical health of elderly women, it is necessary to take more considerations into account. In this regard, planning for decreasing the gender gap and inequality can be effective to some extent. Seemingly, the intersection of “the phenomenon of feminization of poverty,” due to gender inequality, with the phenomenon of “feminization of aging” in the future brings to the fore the necessity of paying attention to “anxiety about aging.” 60 67 2021/11/212022/11/82022/10/29 1401/8/7 2022/12/112022/11/282022/11/6 1401/8/15 Mohammad Taghi Abbasi Shavazi Mohammad Taghi Abbasi Shavazi Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran Iran Maryam Hosseini Maryam Hosseini Department of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran Iran m.hosseini@ub.ac.ir Ghazal Ariaei Gohar Ghazal Ariaei Gohar Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran Iran Asma Ranjbaran Asma Ranjbaran Department of Sociology and Social Planning, Faculty of Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Iran Iran Aging Gender Inequality Health Anxiety Women Zhang K, Zhang W, Wu B, Liu S. Anxiety about aging, resilience and health status among Chinese older adults: Findings from Honolulu and Wuhan. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2020; 88: 1-10.##Hosseini M. Women and aging process: women's experience of age – related bodily changes in midlife [PhD thesis]. Shiraz: Shiraz University; 2017. [Persian]##Lasher KP, Faulkender PJ. Measurement of aging anxiety: development of the anxiety about aging scale. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 1993; 37(4): 247-59.##Lynch SM. Measurement and prediction of aging anxiety. Research on Aging. 2000; 22(5): 533-58.##Brunton RJ, Scott G. Do we fear ageing? a multidimensional approach to ageing anxiety. Educational Gerontology. 2015; 41(11):786-99.##Khazir Z DT, Mahmoodi M. Attitude of female medical students towards cosmetic surgery and its relation with body image. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2014; 20(117): 1-9. [Persian]##Mahmoudi Y, Mohaddesi Ghilovaee H, Tajuddin MB. Sociological study of the reasons and consequences of cosmetic surgery for women and men living in Tehran. Women’s Strategic Studies. 2017; 20(77): 139-67. [Persian]##Koosheshi m. Population aging in Iran (demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the elderly: issues and challenges). The report of joint research project of the faculty of Social Sciences of Tehran University and the United Nations Population Fund and Statistics Research Institute; 2014.##Donizzetti AR. Ageism in an aging society: the role of knowledge, anxiety about aging, and stereotypes in young people and adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(8): 1-11.##Ramírez L, Palacios X. Stereotypes about old age, social support, aging anxiety and evaluations of one's own health. Journal of Social Issues. 2016; 72(1): 47-68.##Moor C, Zimprich D, Schmitt M, Kliegel M. Personality, aging self-perceptions, and subjective health: A mediation model. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 2006; 63(3): 241-57.##Gao Y-J. Aging anxiety and personality traits among Taiwanese undergraduates. Social Behavior and Personality: an International Journal. 2009; 37(10): 1385-9.##Tomlin VC. Age group and gender differences in fears of aging [M.A. Thesis]. New Jersey: Rowan University; 2006.##Saxena R, Shukla A. Gender and age related differences in anxiety about aging. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. 2016; 3(4):12-26.##Barrett AE, Toothman EL. Multiple “old ages”: the influence of social context on women’s aging anxiety. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B. 2018; 73(8): 154-64.##Fernández-Jiménez C, Álvarez-Hernández JF, Salguero-García D, Aguilar-Parra JM, Trigueros R. Validation of the lasher and faulkender anxiety about aging scale (AAS) for the Spanish context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(12): 1-10.##Cheung T, Wong SY, Wong KY, Law LY, Ng K, Tong MT, et al. Depression, anxiety and symptoms of stress among baccalaureate nursing students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13(8): 1-25.##McConatha JT, Hayta V, Rieser-Danner L, McConatha D, Polat TS. Turkish and US attitudes toward aging. Educational Gerontology. 2004; 30(3): 169-83.##Yan T, Silverstein M, Wilber KH. Does race/ethnicity affect aging anxiety in American baby boomers?. Research on Aging. 2011; 33(4): 361-78.##Ahmadnia S. Sociology of body and female body. In: Ahmadi Khorasani NA, editor. The season of women. 5nd ed. Tehran: Illuminators and women's studies; 2005.##Clarke LH. Women, aging, and beauty culture: Navigating the social perils of looking old. Generations. 2017; 41(4): 104-8.##Hakim C. Erotic capital. European sociological review. 2010; 26(5): 499-518.##Sharma RR, Chawla S, Karam CM. Global gender gap index: world economic forum perspective. In: Eddy SN, Stamper CL, Klarsfeld A, Han YJ, editors. Handbook on diversity and inclusion indices. Edward Elgar Publishing; 2021.##Arora RU. Gender inequality, economic development, and globalization: a state level analysis of India. The Journal of Developing Areas. 2012; 46(1): 147-64.##Shiri A, Faraji E, Yasini A. Gender inequality experience in organizational promotions: a metaphorical reading of glass escalator effect. Women Studies. 2018; 9(24): 1-31. [Persian]##Mobaraki M, Mosavi S, Keshmiri Z. Comparative study of perceived gender inequality among mothers and daughters in the Yazd city. Journal of Iranian Social Studies. 2019; 13(4): 138-63. [Persian]##Panahi RA, Saraie H, Kaldi A, Abedini S. Study of the perception of gender inequality in women's lived experience in Maragheh. The Journal of Sociology Studies. 2020; 12(45): 161-87. [Persian]##Westwood S. Ageing, diversity and equality: social justice perspectives. Londan: New York: Routledge; Taylor & Francis; 2017.##Kimmell M. Excerpts from the gendered society. Inequality in the United States: A Reader: Routledge; 2020. p. 298-311.##Wisdom NM, Connor DR, Hogan LR, Callahan JL. The relationship of anxiety and beliefs toward aging in ageism. Journal of Scientific Psychology. 2014; 10: 10-21.##Ayalon L, Tesch-Römer C. Taking a closer look at ageism: Self-and other-directed ageist attitudes and discrimination. European Journal of Ageing. 2017; 14: 1-4.##World Health Organization. World report on ageing and health [Internet]. 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565042##Movahed m, Hosseini m. Exploring the Middle-aged women's strategies to deal with aging and age-related physical changes. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological. 2017; 14(4): 7-42. [Persian]##Wurm S, Tesch-Römer C, Tomasik MJ. Longitudinal findings on aging-related cognitions, control beliefs, and health in later life. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2007; 62(3): 156-64.##Levy BR, Slade MD, Kunkel SR, Kasl SV. Longevity increased by positive self-perceptions of aging. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2002; 83(2): 261-70.##Sargent-Cox KA, Anstey KJ, Luszcz MA. Longitudinal change of self-perceptions of aging and mortality. The Journals of Gerontology Series B:Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2014; 69(2): 168-73.##Faudzi FNM, Armitage CJ, Bryant C, Brown LJ. A systematic review of the psychometric properties of self-report measures of attitudes to aging. Research on Aging. 2019; 41(6): 549-74.##Trigueros R, Padilla AM, Aguilar-Parra JM, Rocamora P, Morales-Gázquez MJ, López-Liria R. The influence of emotional intelligence on resilience, test anxiety, academic stress and the mediterranean diet. a study with university students. 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Prevalence of Restless Legs Syndrome and its related Factors among Older Adults in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Iran 2 2 Introduction: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological sensory-motor disorder that is observed as an unpleasant sensation in the legs, especially when sitting or lying down and at rest. This study aimed to determine the prevalence RLS and its related factors among older adults in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, Kermanshah province, Iran in 2021. Methods: Totally, 240 elderlies entered the study using two stages random sampling. The instruments used in the study included the International RLS Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Mind Wandering Questionnaire, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pain Self-efficacy Questionnaire. Results: Symptoms of RLS were mild in 68.3% of the participants and severe in 14.2% of them. There was a statistically significant relationship between RLS and sleep quality (p = 0.001) and daily drowsiness (p = 0.034). The chance of developing RLS in the group with poor sleep quality was 22% higher than the group with good sleep quality (OR = 1.22). Also, people with drowsiness were 13% more likely to develop RLS than others (OR = 1.131), and in the age group of 71-80 years and over 80 years, 6% and 2% higher than the 60-70 years respectively (OR = 1.068 and 1.023). No statistically significant relationship was found between RLS with mind wandering and pain self-efficacy. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of RLS and its relationship with sleep quality and daily drowsiness among older adults, implementation of RLS screening to identify patients to prevent sleep disorders seems necessary. The relation of RLS with mind wandering and pain self-efficacy need further studies. 68 74 2021/11/212022/11/82022/10/292022/09/4 1401/6/13 2022/12/112022/11/282022/11/62022/11/23 1401/9/2 Mohammadali Morowatisharifabad Mohammadali Morowatisharifabad Department of Aging Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran morowatisharif@yahoo.com Sahar Bijari Sahar Bijari Department of Aging Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Farzan Madadizadeh Farzan Madadizadeh Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Reza Bidaki Reza Bidaki Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Alireza Beigomi Alireza Beigomi SABA Healthy Aging Institute, Yazd, Iran Iran Aging Restless Legs Syndrome Sleep Quality Allen RP, Kushida CA, Atkinson MJ, Consortium RQ. Factor analysis of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group's scale for restless legs severity. Sleep Medicine. 2003; 4(2): 133-5.##Celle S, Roche F, Kerleroux J, Thomas-Anterion C, Laurent B, Rouch I, et al. Prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome in an elderly French population: the synapse study. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2010; 65(2): 167-73.##Cho S-J, Hong JP, Hahm B-J, Jeon HJ, Chang SM, Cho MJ, et al. Restless legs syndrome in a community sample of Korean adults: prevalence, impact on quality of life, and association with DSM-IV psychiatric disorders. Sleep. 2009; 32(8): 1069-76.##Hornyak M, Trenkwalder C. Restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder in the elderly. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2004; 56(5): 543-8.##Young WB, Piovesan EJ, Biglan KM. Restless legs syndrome and drug-induced akathisia in headache patients. CNS Spectrums. 2003; 8(6):450-6.##Safak ED, Gocer S, Mucuk S, Ozturk A, Akin S, Arguvanli S, et al. The prevalence and related factors of restless leg syndrome in the community dwelling elderly; in Kayseri, Turkey: a cross-sectional study. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2016; 65: 29-35.##Mizuno S, Miyaoka T, Inagaki T, Horiguchi J. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in non-institutionalized Japanese elderly. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2005; 59(4): 461-5.##Fragoso YD, Finkelsztejn A, Gomes S, Kaimen-Maciel DR, Oliveira CL, Lopes J, et al. Restless legs syndrome and multiple sclerosis: a Brazilian multicenter study and meta-analysis of the literature. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria. 2011; 69(2a): 180-3.##Stiasny-Kolster K, Trenkwalder C, Fogel W, Greulich W, Hahne M, Lachenmayer L, et al. Restless legs syndrome—new insights into clinical characteristics, pathophysiology, and treatment options. Journal of Neurology. 2004; 251(6): 39-43.##Trotti LM, Bhadriraju S, Rye DB. An update on the pathophysiology and genetics of restless legs syndrome. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2008; 8(4): 281-7.##Ghanei R, Hemati-Maslak-Pak M, Ghosi S, Hossein-Pour H, Amin-Pour E, Baghi V. Restless legs syndrome and the quality of sleep in type II diabetes. Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2011; 15(3): 240-6. [Persian]##Abedi P, Bagheri R, Qorbani M, Ansari S. Is there a relationship between restless legs syndrome and medical problems in pregnant women? A cross-sectional study in Iran. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2020; 120(5): 1091-96.##Yilmaz NH, Akbostanci MC, Oto A, Aykac O. Prevalence of restless legs syndrome in Ankara, Turkey: an analysis of diagnostic criteria and awareness. Acta Neurologica Belgica. 2013; 113(3): 247-51.##Asghari A, Nicholas MK. Pain self-efficacy beliefs and pain behaviour. A prospective study. Pain. 2001; 94(1): 85-100.##Sadiq AKJ. Self-efficacy, physical function and quality of life in individuals with knee osteoarthritis [MS thesis]. Canada: Queen's University; 2008.##Nikdel F, Arabzadeh M, Ghazanfari N. The survey of relationship between memory self-efficacy and hope with quality of life in older adults of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad in 2016. Journal of Gerontology. 2016; 1(2): 19-26. [Persian]##Kim J-M, Kwon H-M, Lim CS, Kim YS, Lee S-J, Nam H. Restless legs syndrome in patients on hemodialysis: symptom severity and risk factors. Journal of Clinical Neurology. 2008; 4(4): 153-7.##Mollahosseini S, Mohammadzadeh S, Kamali P, Tavakoli SM. Frequency of sleep disorder and restless legs syndrome in patients referring to hemodialysis units in university hospitals in Tehran in 2003. Medical Sciences. 2005; 15(1): 27-30. [Persian]##Hemmati Z, Alidosti M. Frequency of restless legs syndrome in hemodialysis patients referring to Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province hospitals. Journal of Health and Care. 2012; 14(4): 28-34. [Persian]##Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Research. 1989; 28(2): 193–213.##Ghoreyshi A, Aghajani A. Sleep quality in Zanjan university medical students. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2008; 66(1): 61-7. [Persian]##Nicholas MK. The pain self-efficacy questionnaire: taking pain into account. European Journal of Pain. 2007; 11(2): 153-63.##Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991; 14(6): 540-5.##Gaffari F, Mohammadi SZ. Frequency of daytime sleepiness in hypertensive women. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2011; 19(1): 5-15. [Persian]##Masoodzade A, Zangane A, Shahbaznezhad L. Daytime sleepiness in medical students at Mazandaran university of medical sciences, 2003. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2006; 16(52): 75-80. [Persian]##Mrazek MD, Phillips DT, Franklin MS, Broadway JM, Schooler JW. Young and restless: validation of the mind-wandering questionnaire (MWQ) reveals disruptive impact of mind-wandering for youth. Frontiers in Psychology. 2013; 4(560): 1-7.##Zamani Zad N, Golzar t. Structural relationship between creativity dimensions and mental wandering of students. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2017; 8(2): 25-37. [Persian]##Farajzadeh M, Hosseini M, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Ghosi S, Nazari M, Nahid K. Investigating the association between Restless Leg Syndrome and depression in elderly. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing. 2016; 2(3): 18-26. [Persian]##Cirillo DJ, Wallace RB. Restless legs syndrome and functional limitations among American elders in the Health and Retirement Study. BMC Geriatrics. 2012; 12(1): 1-12.##Agüera-Ortiz L, Perez MIRG, Osorio RS, Sacks H, Palomo T. Prevalence and clinical correlates of restless legs syndrome among psychogeriatric patients. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2011; 26(12): 1252-9.##Rothdach A, Trenkwalder C, Haberstock J, Keil U, Berger K. Prevalence and risk factors of RLS in an elderly population: the MEMO study. Neurology. 2000; 54(5): 1064-8.##Nichols DA, Allen RP, Grauke JH, Brown JB, Rice ML, Hydeet PR, et al. Restless legs syndrome symptoms in primary care: a prevalence study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2003; 163(19): 2323-9.##Phillips B, Young T, Finn L, Asher K, Hening WA, Purvis C. Epidemiology of restless legs symptoms in adults. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2000; 160(14): 2137-41.##Berger K, Luedemann J, Trenkwalder C, John U, Kessler C. Sex and the risk of restless legs syndrome in the general population. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2004; 164(2): 196-202.##Bassetti CL, Mauerhofer D, Gugger M, Mathis J, Hess CW. Restless legs syndrome: a clinical study of 55 patients. European Neurology. 2001; 45(2): 67-74.##Saletu M, Anderer P, Saletu B, Lindeck-Pozza L, Hauer C, Saletu-Zyhlarz G. EEG mapping in patients with restless legs syndrome as compared with normal controls. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging. 2002; 115(1-2): 49-61.##Gamaldo C, Benbrook AR, Allen RP, Oguntimein O, Earley CJ. Evaluating daytime alertness in individuals with Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) compared to sleep restricted controls. Sleep Medicine. 2009; 10(1): 134-8.##Allen RP, Walters AS, Montplaisir J, Hening W, Myers A, Bell T, et al. Restless legs syndrome prevalence and impact: REST general population study. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2005; 165(11): 1286-92.##Abetz L, Allen R, Follet A, Washburn T, Earley C, Kirsch J, et al. Evaluating the quality of life of patients with restless legs syndrome. Clinical Therapeutics. 2004; 26(6): 925-35.##Dhawan V, Dhoat S, Williams A, Dimarco A, Pal S, Forbes A, et al. The range and nature of sleep dysfunction in untreated Parkinson's disease (PD). A comparative controlled clinical study using the Parkinson's disease sleep scale and selective polysomnography. Journal of the Neurological Sciences. 2006; 248(1-2): 158-62.##Ondo WG, Vuong KD, Khan H, Atassi F, Kwak C, Jankovic J. Daytime sleepiness and other sleep disorders in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology. 2001; 57(8): 1392-6.##Högl B, Paulus W, Clarenbach P, Trenkwalder C. Restless legs syndrome: diagnostic assessment and the advantages and risks of dopaminergic treatment. Journal of Neurology. 2006; 253(4): 22-8.##Winkelmann J, Prager M, Lieb R, Pfister H, Spiegel B, Wittchen H-U, et al. Anxietas Tibiarum depression and anxiety disorders in patients with restless legs syndrome. Journal of Neurology. 2005; 252(1): 67-71.## ##

The Prediction of Quality of Life - based on Personality Traits and Spiritual Intelligence in the Elderly 2 2 Introduction: Considering the increasing trend of the elderly population in Iran, attention paid to this critical phase, both socially and psychologically, is essential in improving their quality of life. The present study aimed to investigate prediction of quality of life - based on personality traits and spiritual intelligence in the elderly. Methods: This correlational study carried out on older adults in Tehran who lived in nursing homes in 2020 and 182 of them were selected by convenience sampling. The NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI), The Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (SISRI-24) and Leiden-Padua Questionnaire (LEIPAD questionnaire) were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (correlation and stepwise regression analysis) were used for data analysis. The correlation matrix and stepwise regression were used to predict the quality of life scores based on personality and spiritual intelligence. Results: There was a significant relationship between personality traits with spiritual intelligence and quality of life (r: 0.361, p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant relationship between spiritual intelligence and quality of life (p < 0.05). Personality traits of neuroticism, extraversion, and spiritual intelligence could predict a total of 38.5% of the variance in quality of life (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The quality of life has a significant relationship with both spiritual intelligence and personality traits, so, spiritual intelligence and personality components can predict the quality of life in the elderly. 75 81 2021/11/212022/11/82022/10/292022/09/42022/09/11 1401/6/20 2022/12/112022/11/282022/11/62022/11/232022/12/12 1401/9/21 Fardin Farmani Fardin Farmani Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Iran farmani_fardin@yahoo.com Shabnam Gholami sehchek Shabnam Gholami sehchek Department of Psychology, Kish Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kish, Iran Iran Maryam Sarmadi Maryam Sarmadi Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Iran Morteza Jahanshahloo Morteza Jahanshahloo Department of Psychology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran Iran Aging Spiritual Intelligence Personality Traits Quality of Life Lok N, Lok S, Canbaz M. The effect of physical activity on depressive symptoms and quality of life among elderly nursing home residents: Randomized controlled trial. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2017; 70: 92-8.##Richter J, Åström S, Isaksson U. Personality characteristics of staff in elderly care—a cross-cultural comparison. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. 2012; 33(2): 96-100.##Darabi S, Torabi F. Analysis and comparison of aging population in Europe and Asia during 1950 to 2015. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017; 12(1): 30-4. [Persian]##Stefario, P. Humanistic personology, a humanistic-ontological theory of the person & personality: applications in therapy. Social work, education, management, and art (theatre). Charleston SC, USA [United States of America]: Create Space; 2015.‌##Cooper J, Heron T, Heward W. Applied behavior analysis. 2rd ed. Pearson; 2007. p .37-46.‌##Irigaray TQ, Schneider RH. Características de personalidade e depressão em idosas da Universidade para a Terceira Idade (UNITI/UFRGS). Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul. 2007; 29(2): 169-75.##Amrai K, Farahani A, Ebrahimi M, Bagherian V. Relationship between personality traits and spiritual intelligence among university students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 15: 609-12.##Emmons RA. Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2000; 10(1): 3-26.##Emmons RA. Spirituality and intelligence: Problems and prospects. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2000 Jan 1;10(1):57-64.##Pakdaman M, Balideh M. The study of the effect of psychological capital and spiritual intelligence on the performance of individuals: a review study. Archives of Pharmacy Practice. 2020; 11(1): 126-36.##Koenig H, Koenig HG, King D, Carson VB. Handbook of religion and health. 2nd edition. Oxford University Press; 2012.##Emmons RA. Spirituality and intelligence: Problems and prospects. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion. 2000; 10(1): 57-64.##Sisk DA. Spiritual intelligence: Developing higher consciousness revisited. Gifted Education International. 2015; 32(3): 194-208.##Zohar D. Spiritual intelligence: The ultimate intelligence. Bloomsbury Publishing; 2012.##Wolman R. Thinking with your soul: spiritual intelligence and why it matters. Harmony Books; 2001.##Faramarzi S, Homai R, Hoseini MH. The relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotional intelligence of students. Studies in Islam and Psychology. 2009; 3(5): 7-23. [Persian]##Shirazi Khah M, Mousavi M, Sahaf R. Study of health and social indicators of elderly women in Iran. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2012; 6: 66-78. [Persian]##Saberi M, Fani Saberi L. Components of chronic illness in the elderly: a review study. Clinical Excellence. 2021; 11 (1): 54-63. 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Journal of Educational Psychology Studies. 2008; 5(8): 39-56. [Persian]##De Leo D, Diekstra RF, Lonnqvist J, Trabucchi M, Cleiren MH, Frisoni GB, et al. LEIPAD, an internationally applicable instrument to assess quality of life in the elderly. Behavioral Medicine. 1998; 24(1): 17-27.##Alipoor F, Sajadi H, Forozan A, Biglarian A. The role of social support in elderly quality of life. Social Welfare Quarter. 2009; 8(33): 149-67. [Persian]##Naderi F, Asgari P, Roushani KH. The relationship between spiritual intelligence, emotional intelligence and life satisfaction among senile in Ahwaz city. Journal of Social Psychology (new findings in psychology). 2010; 5(13): 127-138. [Persian]##Kalantari F, Mehrabian T, Arendan O. The Investigation of the relationship between personality characteristics (factor 5) and emotional intelligence with life satisfaction in male and female students living in the residence Shahydchamran University of Ahvaz. 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How do Older Adults Spend their Leisure Time? A Population-Based Study in Yazd, Iran 2 2 Introduction: An important issue associated with old age is how to spend the leisure, which can help preserve independence, bring happiness and vitality and reduce mental disorders and indifference. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate how older adults spend their leisure time. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted with 270 elderly participants (> 60 years) in Yazd city, Iran from July to September 2019. The two stage sampling method was applied. A researcher-made leisure activity questionnaire was used for data gathering. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed. The data were analyzed in SPSS using descriptive statistics and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: The mean leisure time of participants was 5.09 ± 3.54 hours. Most of the participants (74.4 %) spent their leisure time at home. Physical activity (25.2 %) and travel (33.8 %) were at a low level while religious activity (61.6 %) was the most frequent. Of the participants, 50.7 % were moderately satisfied with their leisure. Conclusion: Considering the low level of physical activity and travel in older adults' leisure time, both the government and families are suggested to make the required plans to increase older adults' physical activity and time for travel. 82 88 2021/11/212022/11/82022/10/292022/09/42022/09/112020/08/3 1399/5/13 2022/12/112022/11/282022/11/62022/11/232022/12/122022/10/12 1401/7/20 Zohreh Rahaei Zohreh Rahaei Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Hassan Rezaeipandari Hassan Rezaeipandari Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Sara Jambarsang Sara Jambarsang Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Mahin Norouzian Mahin Norouzian Department of Aging Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran M86norouzian@gmail.com Aged Leisure Satisfaction Fancourt D, Aughterson H, Finn S, Walker E, Steptoe A. How leisure activities affect health: a narrative review and multi-level theoretical framework of mechanisms of action. The Lancet Psychiatry. 2021; 8(4): 329-39.##Jeong E-H, Park J-H. The relationship among leisure activities, depression and quality of life in community-dwelling elderly Koreans. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. 2020; 6(4): 1-7.##Rahimi A, Anoosheh M, Ahmadi F, Foroughan M. Tehranian elderly people’s experiences about leisure time activities and recreations. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2010; 5(1): 61-77. [Persian]##Arslantas D, Ünsal A, Metintas S, Koc F, Arslantas A. Life quality and daily life activities of elderly people in rural areas, Eskişehir (Turkey). Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics. 2009; 48(2): 127-31.##Eftekhar Ardebili H, Khatti Deizabadi F, Batebi A, Shojaiezadeh D, Yazdani Cherati J. Frequency of functional and cognitive impairment and relevant factors in aging. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2012; 22(96): 115-25. [Persian]##Abedi H, Lali M, Keyvanniya S, Nikbakht A. Life experiences of older people who are used to spend their time in parks. Journal of Qualitative Research in Health Sciences. 2020; 2(2): 184-93. [Persian]##Blane D, Netuveli G, Montgomery SM. Quality of life, health and physiological status and change at older ages. Social Science & Medicine. 2008; 66(7): 1579-87.##Adelirad F, Salimi MM, Dianat I, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Chattu VK, Allahverdipour H. The relationship between cognitive status and retained activity participation among community-dwelling older adults. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education. 2022; 12(4): 400-16.##Asefzadeh S, Qoddoosian A, Najafipour R. How does the elderly spend their leisure time in Qazvin?. Journal of Inflammatory Diseases. 2009; 13(2): 84-7. [Persian]##Madah SB. The status of social and leisure time activities in the elderly residing in Iran and Sweden. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2008; 3(2):597-606. [Persian]##DeVellis RF, Thorpe CT. Scale development: theory and applications. 4th ed. Sage publications; 2021.##Jung MS, Kim H, Lee Y, Kim M, Chung E. Different effects of cognitive and non-exercise physical leisure activities on cognitive function by age in elderly Korean individuals. Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives. 2017; 8(5): 308-17.##Chamanpira M, Farahani A, Jalali Farahani M. The tehran older adults’ leisure time and physical activity with emphasize of sport equipments provided by municipality in 2010. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2014; 9(3): 179-88. [Persian]##Safari M MF, Rostapour A. Investigating the status of leisure time and the ability of the elderly in Shiraz to perform daily life activities in 2005. Hospital. 2007; 7(1, 2):7-10. [Persian]##Hosseinizare SM, Tajvar M, Abdi K, Esfahani P, Geravand B, Pourreza A. Leisure spending patterns and their relationship with mental health in the elderly in Iran. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2020; 15(3): 366-79. [Persian]##Sharifian Sani M, Zanjari N, Sadeghi R. Time Usage Patterns of Iranian Older Adults and Its Association With Socioeconomic Factors. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2016; 11(3): 400-15. [Persian]##Conde MD. Leisure patterns and needs of the elderly in rural Galicia (Spain). Educational Gerontology. 2012; 38(2): 138-45.##Zanjari N, Sadeghi R, Delbari A. Analysis of gender differences in time use among Iranian older adults. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2019; 13(5): 588-603. [Persian]## ##

Prevalence of Elder Abuse and its Related Factors among Elderly Referring to Social Security Outpatient Clinic in Yasouj, Iran 2 2 Introduction: Elder abuse is a major public health concern worldwide. Considering the high prevalence of misbehavior towards the elderly, this study investigated the prevalence of elder abuse and its related factors among the elderly people in Yasouj, Iran in 2021. Methods: Using a convenience sampling method, this cross-sectional study included 299 older adults aged over 60 years referring to the Social Security Outpatient Clinic in Yasouj. To collect data, we used the Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire. To analyze the data, chi-square and multiple logistic regression statistical tests were used. Results: Of the participants, 55.2 % reported at least one type of misbehavior. While psychological misbehavior had the highest prevalence (41.8 %), rejection had the lowest prevalence (10.7 %). Multiple regression analysis showed that elder abuse was statistically associated with higher educational status (p = 0.002), lower economic status (p = 0.002), and single people reported a higher rate of elder abuse (p = 0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, more than half of the participants reported at least one type of elder abuse, and psychological abuse was the most common type of abuse experienced by the elderly. Since elder abuse can have serious effects on the health and well-being of the elderly, it is critical to identify the related risk factors. Furthermore, it is essential to implement screening programs to increase the awareness of the elderly and caregivers. 89 97 2021/11/212022/11/82022/10/292022/09/42022/09/112020/08/32022/06/20 1401/3/30 2022/12/112022/11/282022/11/62022/11/232022/12/122022/10/122022/12/7 1401/9/16 Shahab Papi Shahab Papi Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Iran Samad Akbari Samad Akbari Iranian Research Center on Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran Mahshid Foroughan Mahshid Foroughan Department of Geriatrics, School of Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran Nasibeh Zanjari Nasibeh Zanjari Department of Geriatrics, School of Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran Amir Mohamad Moghadasi Amir Mohamad Moghadasi Department of Health Education and Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Zhale Zandieh Zhale Zandieh Department of Geriatrics, School of Social Welfare, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Iran zhzandie@gmail.com Aging Elder Abuse Misbehavior Yasouj Papi S, Ramezani T, Aalipour R, Naderiyan S, Fadayevatan R, Nazarpour A. Assessment of physical activity status and its effective factors in elderly people of Khorramabad city. Health and Development Journal. 2019; 8(3): 280-91. [Persian]##Dong X, Simon M. Elder Abuse as a risk factor for hospitalization in older persons. JAMA Internal Medicine. 2013; 173(10): 911-7.##Griffore RJ, Barboza GE, Mastin T, Oehmke J, Schiamberg LB, Post LA. Family members' reports of abuse in Michigan nursing homes. Journal of Elder Abuse & Neglect. 2009; 21(2): 105-14.##Lachs MS, Pillemer K. Elder abuse. The Lancet. 2004; 364(9441): 1263-72.##Hatami B. Basics of geriatric medicine in Ibn Sina's law. Pathobiology Research. 2000; 3(2): 127-37. [Persian]##World Health Organization. Abuse of older people [Internet]. 2017 Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/abuse-of-older-people##Cooper C, Selwood A, Livingston G. The prevalence of elder abuse and neglect: a systematic review. Age and Ageing. 2008; 37(2): 151-60.##Yon Y, Mikton CR, Gassoumis ZD, Wilber KH. Elder abuse prevalence in community settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health. 2017; 5(2): 147-56.##Abdi A, Tarjoman A, Borji M. Prevalence of elder abuse in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian Journal of Psychiatry. 2019; 39: 120-7.##National Institute on Aging. Elder abuse [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2022 Jan 12]; Available from: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/elder-abuse##Storey JE. Risk factors for elder abuse and neglect: a review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 2020; 50: 101339.##Ghodoosi A, Fallah Yakhdani E, Abedi HA. Studying the instances of elder abuse and their relationship with age and sex in the hospitalized elderly. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2014; 20(4): 367-76.##Molaei M, Etemad K, Taheri Tanjani P. Prevalence of elder abuse in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017; 12(2): 242-53. [Persian]##Alaviani M, Kolbadinezhad N, Khodayari MT, Rahimi R, Jafari S. Prevalence of elder abuse in Maragheh, Iran 2017. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2019; 29(176): 105-15. [Persian]##Pillemer K, Burnes D, Riffin C, Lachs MS. Elder abuse: global situation, risk factors, and prevention strategies. The Gerontologist. 2016; 56(Suppl 2): 194-205.##Papi S, Karimi Z, Saadat Talab F, Hosseini F, Afrouzeh H, Yousefi M, Norouzi S. Relationship between health literacy and multi-infections based on gender differences in the elderly. Health Education and Health Promotion. 2021; 9(2): 105-10.##Jalil S. Natural and human geographical study of Yasuj city. Kharazmi University. 2020; 31: 41-59. [Persian]##Bakhtiyari F, Foroughan M, Fakhrzadeh H, Nazari N, Najafi B, Alizadeh M, et al. Validation of the Persian version of abbreviated mental test (AMT) in elderly residents of Kahrizak charity foundation. Iranian Jjournal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2014; 13(6): 487-94.##Achappa S, Rao B, Holyachi S. Bringing elder abuse out of the shadows: A study from the old age homes of Davangere district, Karnataka, India. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health. 2016; 3(6): 1617-22.##Heravi-Karimooi M, Anoosheh M, Foroughan M, Sheykhi MT, Hajizadeh E. Designing and determining psychometric properties of the domestic elder abuse questionnaire. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2010; 5(1): 7-21. [Persian]##Morowatisharifabad MA, Rezaeipandari H, Dehghani A, Zeinali A. Domestic elder abuse in Yazd, Iran: a cross-sectional study. Health Promotion Perspectives. 2016; 6(2): 104-10.##Manouchehri H, Ghorbi B, Hosseini M, Oskuyee NN, Karbakhsh M. Degree and types of domestic abuse in the elderly referring to. Advances in Nursing and Midwifery. 2008; 18(63): 39-45.##Hosseini RS, Salehabadi R, Javanbakhtian R, Alijanpour Aghamaleki M, Borhani nejad VR, Pakpour V. A comparison on elderly abuse in Persian and Turkish race in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2016; 23(1): 75-83. [Persian]##Keyghobadi F, Moghaddam Hosseini V, Keyghobadi F, Rakhshani MH. Prevalence of elder abuse against women and associated factors. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2014; 24(117): 125-32. [Persian]##Heravi Karimooi M, Nassiri H, Jouybari L, Sanago A, Chehrehgosha M. The prevalence of elder abuse in Gorgan and Aq-Qala cities, Iran in 2013. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2016; 10(4): 162-73. [Persian]##Seutodan Hagh H, Rezaeipandari H, Mousavi S, Allahverdipour H. Frequency and gender pattern of elder abuse among community dwelling older adults in the urban area of Tabriz, Iran. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2021; 15(4): 458-71. [Persian]##Kissal A, Beşer A. Elder abuse and neglect in a population offering care by a primary health care center in Izmir, Turkey. 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Factors Influencing the Adoption of Mobile Health Monitoring and Care Systems by the Elderly Living at Home in South Africa 2 2 Introduction: Technology can improve the health care outcomes of the elderly. However, there are many barriers to the adoption of mobile monitoring and care systems (MMCs) by the elderly reported in literature. The main purpose of this research was to investigate why elderly people do not adopt MMCs to improve the quality of their health care. Methods: The study made use of semi-structured interviews to collect data in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, South Africa. The study sample consisted of 15 purposively chosen study participants, representing a diverse racial profile, in order to investigate the adoption of MMCs of the elderly in their home environment. The interviews were analysed thematically. Results: The study found that social challenges like technology anxiety, the intrusive nature of the technology and attitude towards the technology will affect adoption of MMCs. Government need to address the standardisation, data governance and interoperability of the systems. The cost of MMCs were seen as an inhibitor, but could be off set against the perceived return on investment of health care. While the elderly acknowledged that MMCs can improve their independence, the design of the MMCs and training to use it was identified as barriers to the adoption. Conclusion: The study, therefore, recommends collaborative engagements amongst government, business and the elderly to facilitate the adoption of MMCs in the elderly community to improve the quality of health care. 98 103 2021/11/212022/11/82022/10/292022/09/42022/09/112020/08/32022/06/202022/03/15 1400/12/24 2022/12/112022/11/282022/11/62022/11/232022/12/122022/10/122022/12/72022/12/24 1401/10/3 Yolande Fotoyi Yolande Fotoyi Department of Information Systems, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa South Africa Liezel Cilliers Liezel Cilliers Department of Information Systems, University of Fort Hare, East London, South Africa South Africa lcilliers@ufh.ac.za Adoption Aging Home Environment Health South Africa Padayachey U, Ramalall S, Chipps J. Depression in older adults: prevalence and risk factors in a primary health care sample. South African Family Practice. 2017; 59(2): 61-66.##Carr D, Utz RL. Families in later life: a decade in review. 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