Admission to a Nursing Home: Viewpoints of Institutionalized Older People about Replacement 2 2 Introduction: This study carried out to investigate the causes and motivations of older people residing in nursing home. Methods: A qualitative description study was designed by choosing a sample of the elderly residing in a nursing home in Tabriz, Iran. Based on purposive sampling, fifteen residents in the age range of 65-85 participated in the study. Data was collected through unstructured interviews/focus group discussions and then analyzed using content analysis. Results: Generally, two main concepts were obtained from the data as follow: non-compulsory entry and compulsory entry. Moving with prior approval, financial and family problems were considered as the subcategories of non-compulsory entry, while lack of consciousness and deception were dominated as sub-categorise of compulsory entering. Conclusion: We face a growing demand for community-based long-term care alternative to nursing homes as the elderly population is becoming elder. Frail older people who participated in the research were more likely to delay or prevent their entry into nursing homes. 1 5 2016/01/18 1394/10/28 2016/03/23 1395/1/4 Hossein Matlabi Hossein Matlabi Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Hamidreza Hamedi Behtash Hamidreza Hamedi Behtash Deputy of Education, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Iran Maryam Shafiei Maryam Shafiei Department of Administration and Educational Planning, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran Iran Institutionalization Aged Nursing Home Admission Displacement Cho SH. Older people‟s willingness to use homecare nursing services. Journal of AdvancedNursing. 2005; 51(2): 166-73.##Arab M, Tajvar M. Evaluation of health servicesfor the elderly in Iran. Journal of Hospital. 2005;5(9-10): 26-8. [Persian]##Shyu YIL, Lee HC. Predictors of nursing homeplacement and home nursing services utilizationby elderly patients after hospital discharge inTaiwan. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2002;38(4): 398-406.##Marek KD, Rantz MJ. Aging in place: A newmodel for long term care. Nursing AdministrationQuarterly. 2000; 24(3): 1-11.##Tajvar M, Farzianpour F. Seniors health and anoverview of the various aspects of their lives.Tehran: Nasle Farda Publication; 2004. [Persian]##Matteson MA, McConnell ES, Linton AD.Gerontological nursing: concepts and practice.2nded. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 1997.##McEwen M. Community-based nursing: anintroduction.2nd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2002.##Lee DT, Woo J, Mackenzie AE. A review of olderpeople's experiences with residential careplacement. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2002;37(1): 19-27.##Lee DT. Transition to residential care:Experiences of elderly Chinese people in HongKong. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 1999; 30(5):1118-26.##Salarvand S, Abedi HA. Seniors' reasons andmotives for nursing home placement. Feyz:(Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences).2008; 12(2): 55-61. [Persian]##Eliopoulos C. Gerontological nursing. 8th ed.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2013.##Miller CA. Nursing for wellness in older adults.6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2012.##Matlabi H, Parker SG, McKee K. The contributionof home-based technology to older people‟squality of life in extra care housing. BiomedCentral Geriatrics. 2011; 11: 68.##Salarvand SH, Abedi H, Shamlu K. The feeling ofpowerlessness in older people living in nursinghomes. Iranian Journal of Nursing. 2007; 20(50):61-9. [Persian]##Sandelowski M. Whatever happened to qualitativedescription? Research in Nursing & Health.2000;23(4): 334-40.##Streubert HJ, Carpenter DR. Qualitative researchin nursing: advancing the humanistic imperative.Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins;2011.##Farajkhoda T, Latifnejad Roudsari R, Abbasi M.An exploratory study to develop a practical ethicalframework for reproductive health research.Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 2013;11(1): 31-8.##Burns N, Grove S. The practice of nursingresearch: conduct, critique, and utilization. 5th ed.Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders; 2005.##Hogstel MO. Gerontology: nursing care of theolder adult. 1st ed. NY: Delmar CengageLearning; 2001.##Tobis D. Moving from residential institutions tocommunity-based social services in central andeastern Europe and the former Soviet ::union::. TheWorld Bank Washington, D.C. 2000.##Achintya N, Dey AM. Characteristics of elderlynursing home residents: data from the 1995national nursing home survey. Advance Data.1997; 289: 1-8##Fiveash B. The experience of nursing home life.International Journal of Nursing Practice. 1998;4(3): 166-74.##McKee K, Matlabi H, Parker SG. Older people‟squality of life and role of home-based technology.Health Promotion Perspectives. 2012; 2(1): 1-8.##Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Smith W, Cumming RG,Leeder SR. Incidence of nursing home placementin a defined community. The Medical journal ofAustralia. 2001; 174(6): 271-5.##Tomiak M, Berthelot JM, Guimond E, MustardCA. Factors associated with nursing-home entryfor elders in Manitoba, Canada. Journal ofGerontology. 2000; 55(5): 279-87.##Ghasemi H, Harirchi M, Masnavi A, Rahgozar M,Akbarian M. Comparing the quality of lifebetween elderly residents living in nursing homesand seniors living with their family members.Social Welfare Quarterly. 2011; 10(39): 177-200.[Persian]##Salarvand SH, Abedi H, Hosseini H, Salehi SH,Keiyvanara M. The emotional experiences ofelderly people regarding the process of residencyin nursing homes. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2007;20(49): 61-71. [Persian]##Sohrabi MB, Zolfaghari P, Mahdizade F,Aghayan SM, GhasemianAghmashhadi M,Shariati Z, et al. Evaluation and comparison ofcognitive and depression status between olderpeople admitted in nursing homes and elderlyliving in their personal homes. Knowledge &Health. 2008; 3(2): 27-31. [Persian]## ##

Dietary Behaviors of Elderly People Residing in Central Iran: A Preliminary Report of Yazd Health Study 2 2 Introduction: Food habits play important roles in maintaining physical and mental health and preventing chronic illnesses in the elderly. The aim of the present study was to investigate dietary behaviors of elderly people residing in Yazd city which is located in central Iran. Methods: The present analysis was conducted on 1684 participants entered to Yazd Health Study aged over 60 years during 2014-2015. Demographic characteristics, health status, physical activity, economic status, education and dietary behaviors were collected by using a validated questionnaire. Results: Our analysis revealed that only 1.2% of the elderly consumed more than two servings of dairy per day. Furthermore only 3 and 9.8 percent of elders consumed more than three servings/day of vegetables and fruits, respectively. The study also showed that 22.9% ate more than five servings of sugar per day, 22.5% took more than four units of legumes weekly, 56.1% ate two to three servings of poultry per week, 77% reported eating fast foods for at least once a week, 47.8% consumed canned foods less than once a week of and 86.3% reported taking breakfast for at least five times a week. For cooking 18.9% of elderly still use hydrogenated vegetable oils, 52.8% of the elderly did not separate visible fats from red meat before cooking, 65.8% chose high-fat dairy and 24% of older people reported using frying and grilling as their primary cooking method. Our findings also suggest that dietary behavior is different between elder men and women. Conclusion: Unhealthy dietary habits, including low vegetables, fruits and dairy products intake, are highly prevalent among elderly people residing in Yazd. Community based interventions targeting this age group, in order to improve their dietary intake, are highly recommended. 6 13 2016/01/182016/01/22 1394/11/2 2016/03/232016/03/23 1395/1/4 Davood Bahrami Davood Bahrami Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Masoud Mirzaei Masoud Mirzaei Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Amin Salehi-Abargouei Amin Salehi-Abargouei Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Food Habits Diet Elderly Iran Kimura M, Moriyasu A, Kumagai S, Furuna T,Akita S, Kimura S, et al. Community-basedintervention to improve dietary habits andpromote physical activity among older adults: acluster randomized trial. BMC Geriatrics.2013;13(1):8.##Turconi G, Rossi M, Roggi C, Maccarini L.Nutritional status, dietary habits, nutritionalknowledge and self-care assessment in a group ofolder adults attending community centres inPavia, Northern Italy. Journal of HumanNutrition and Dietetics. 2013;26(1):48-55.##Heidari M, Shahbazi S. Effect of Self-CareTraining Program on Quality of Life of Elders.Iran Journal of Nursing. 2012;25(75):1-8.[Persian]##Zamboni M, Mazzali G, Fantin F, Rossi A, DiFrancesco V. Sarcopenic obesity: a new categoryof obesity in the elderly. Nutrition, Metabolismand Cardiovascular Diseases. 2008;18(5):388-95.##Balagopal P, Proctor D, Nair KS. Sarcopenia andhormonal changes. Endocrine. 1997;7(1):57-60.##Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone SinghMA, Minson CT, Nigg CR, Salem GJ, et al.American College of Sports Medicine positionstand. Exercise and physical activity for olderadults. Medicine and Science in Sports andExercise. 2009;41(7):1510-30.##Newby P, Muller D, Hallfrisch J, Andres R,Tucker KL. Food patterns measured by factoranalysis and anthropometric changes in adults.The American journal of clinical nutrition.2004;80(2):504-13.##Robson AA. Preventing diet induced disease:bioavailable nutrient-rich, low-energy-densediets. Nutrition and Health. 2009;20(2):135-66.##Zhang J, Dhakal IB, Gross MD, Lang NP,Kadlubar FF, Harnack LJ, et al. Physical activity,diet, and pancreatic cancer: a population-based,case-control study in Minnesota. Nutrition andCancer. 2009;61(4):457-65.##Babio N, Becerra-Tomas N, Martinez-GonzalezMA, Corella D, Estruch R, Ros E, et al.Consumption of Yogurt, Low-Fat Milk, andOther Low-Fat Dairy Products Is Associated withLower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome Incidence inan Elderly Mediterranean Population. TheJournal of nutrition. 2015;145(10):2308-16.##Chrysohoou C, Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos D,Skoumas J, Lazaros G, Oikonomou E, et al.Long-term fish intake preserves kidney functionin elderly individuals: the Ikaria study. Journal ofrenal nutrition : The Official Journal of theCouncil on Renal Nutrition of the NationalKidney Foundation. 2013;23(4):75-82.##Pastor-Valero M, Furlan-Viebig R, Menezes PR,da Silva SA, Vallada H, Scazufca M. Educationand WHO recommendations for fruit andvegetable intake are associated with bettercognitive function in a disadvantaged Brazilianelderly population: a population-based cross-sectional study. PloS One. 2014;9(4):e94042.##Corley J, Kyle JA, Starr JM, McNeill G, DearyIJ. Dietary factors and biomarkers of systemicinflammation in older people: the Lothian BirthCohort 1936. The British Journal of Nutrition.2015:1-11.##Shin S, Joung H. A dairy and fruit dietary patternis associated with a reduced likelihood ofosteoporosis in Korean postmenopausal women.The British Journal of Nutrition.2013;110(10):1926-33.##Nobbs HM, Yaxley A, Thomas J, Delaney C,Koczwara B, Luszcz M, et al. Do dietary patternsin older age influence the development of cancerand cardiovascular disease: A longitudinal studyof ageing. Clinical Nutrition. 2016;35(2):528-35.##Zurc J, Hlastan-Ribič C, Skela-Savič B. Dietaryhabits and physical activity patterns amongSlovenian elderly: cross-sectional survey withcluster analysis. Obzornik zdravstvenenege.2015;49(1):9-17.##Giuli C, Papa R, Mocchegiani E, Marcellini F.Dietary habits and ageing in a sample of Italianolder people. The Journal of Nutrition, Health &Aging. 2012;16(10):875-9.##Masomy N, Jefroodi S, Ghanbari A, KazemnejadE, Shojaei F, Rafiei A. Nutritional StatusAssessment and Related Factors in the RetiredSenile. Journal of Guilan University of MedicalSciences. 2012;21(84):65-70. [Persian]##Amirzadeh J, Amirzadeh N, Rasoli J.Comparative study of food consumption patternsin urban and rural elderly population in Urmia.Journal of Nursing and Midwifery UrmiaUniversity of Medical Sciences. 2012;10(1):35-40.[Persian]##Bamia C, Orfanos P, Ferrari P, Overvad K,Hundborg HH, Tjønneland A, et al. Dietarypatterns among older Europeans: the EPIC-Elderly study. British Journal of Nutrition.2005;94(01):100-13.##Masala G, Ceroti M, Pala V, Krogh V, Vineis P,Sacerdote C, et al. A dietary pattern rich in oliveoil and raw vegetables is associated with lowermortality in Italian elderly subjects. BritishJournal of Nutrition. 2007;98(02):406-15.##Arnarson A, Geirsdottir OG, Ramel A, JonssonPV, Steingrimsdottir L, Thorsdottir I. Dietaryhabits and their association with blood pressure among elderly Icelandic people. Laeknabladid. 2012;98(10):515-20.##Gulati S, Misra A. Sugar intake, obesity, anddiabetes in India. Nutrients. 2014;6(12):5955-74.##Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Azizi F. Fast FoodPattern and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A##Review of Current Studies. Health Promotion Perspectives. 2015;5(4):231.##Majid DS, Prieto MC, Navar LG. Salt-SensitiveHypertension: Perspectives on IntrarenalMechanisms. Current Hypertension Reviews.2015;11(1):38-48.## ##

A Comparative Study on the Effects of Self-Care Program Education Run by Health Volunteers and Health Care Staff on the Elderly's Quality of Life 2 2 Introduction: The diseases and problems due to ageing can affect the quality of life (QoL) in the elderly. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of self-care program education run by health volunteers and healthcare staff on the QoL in the elderly. Methods: In this experimental, field trial study, 150 elderly people living in Mashhad were enrolled by multistage sampling in 2014. The participants were randomly assigned to three groups of 50 individuals in each; group A was educated by healthcare staff at healthcare centers, group B by health volunteers at the elderly's homes, and group C was control. The intervention groups (A and B) attended two independent self-care education programs for one month. The data were gathered by the SF-36 questionnaire administered before and one month after the completion of the program. Data analysis was done by descriptive statistics [mean (standard deviation)] and analytical statistics (independent samples t-test and Kruskal-Wallis H-test). Results: QoL score of the groups A, B, and C was derived 45.44 ± 23.87, 45.36 ± 23.81, and 45.38 ± 23.83 before the intervention and 48.79 ± 22.09, 63.15 ± 19.03, and 46.08 ± 22.67 after the intervention, respectively. The QoL score of the group B was significantly higher than the other two groups (p < 0.05) after the intervention. Besides that, after the intervention, the mean scores of QoL and physical function, role-physical, role-emotional, social function, bodily pain, and general health increased significantly more markedly in the group B compared with the other two groups. Conclusion: Self-care education by the health volunteers was much more effective than that by healthcare staff. In addition, implementing the self-care education program contributed to improving QoL and therefore life satisfaction in the elderly. 14 20 2016/01/182016/01/222016/02/7 1394/11/18 2016/03/232016/03/232016/04/18 1395/1/30 Fazlollah Ghofranipour Fazlollah Ghofranipour Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Iran Mahdi Moshki Mahdi Moshki Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Iran Seyedeh Elaheh Maddahi Seyedeh Elaheh Maddahi Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran Iran Alireza Jafari Baghkheirati Alireza Jafari Baghkheirati Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran Iran Quality of Life Self- Care Aging Education Manafo E, Wong S. Health literacy programs forolder adults: a systematic literature review.Health Education Research. 2012; 27(6): 2-14.##Raji MA, Al Snih S, Ray LA, Patel KV,Markides KS. Cognitive status and incidentdisability in older Mexican Americans: findingsfrom the Hispanic established population for theepidemiological study of the elderly. Ethnicity &Disease. 2004; 14(1): 26-31.##Ghahramani L, Nazari M, Mousavi MT.Improvement of quality of life in elderly men inKahrizak nursing home based on educationalintervention. Knowledge & Health. 2008; 4(2):18-23. [Persian]##Ajh N, Mehrtash B, Javadi A. Effect of educationand social support on quality of life amongelderly living in nursing homes (2010). TheJournal of Qazvin University of MedicalSciences. 2012; 16(3): 46-52. [Persian]##Yen CF, Kuo CY, Tsai PT, Ko CH, Yen JY,Chen TT. Correlations of quality of life withadverse effects of medication, social support,course of illness, psychopathology, anddemographic characteristics in patients with panic disorder. Depression and Anxiety. 2007; 24(8): 563-70.##Mellor D, Davison T, McCabe M, George K. Themanagement of depressed elderly care recipients:family perspectives on the skills of professionalcarers. Journal of Community Health Nursing.2008; 25(1): 44-61.##Lee TW, Ko Is, Lee KJ. Health promotionbehaviors and quality of life among community-dwelling elderly in Korea. International Journalof Nursing Studies. 2005; 49(2): 129-37.##Hellstrom Y, Persson G, Hallberg IR. Quality oflife and symptoms among older people living athome. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2004;48(6): 584-93.##Albokordi M, Ramezani MA, Araizi FS. A studyon the quality of life among elderly Shahinshahrarea of Isfahan province in Year 2004.Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal. 2007; 5(4): 701-7. [Persian]##Ahmadi F, Salar A, Faghihzadeh S. Quality oflife in Zahedan elderly population. Journal ofHayat. 2004; 10(3): 61-7. [Persian]##Mirsaeedi ZS, Eftekhar Ardebili H, Nouri JalyaniKA. Effect of a self-care program on quality oflife of the elderly clients covered by healthcenters of Southern of Tehran. Journal of Schoolof Public Health and Institute of Public HealthResearch. 2013; 10(4): 17-32. [Persian]##Doshmangir P, Shirzadi S, Tagdisi MH,Doshmangir L. Effect of an educationalintervention according to the PRECEDE modelto promote elderly quality of life. Journal ofEducation and Community Health. 2014; 1(2): 1-9.[Persian]##Salar AR, Ahmadi F, Faghihzadeh S. Study ofeffectiveness of continuous care consultation onthe quality of life of elderly clients. ZahedanJournal of Research in Medical Sciences (Tabib-e-shargh). 2004; 5 (4): 261-7. [Persian]##Baraz Sh, Rostami M, Farzianpor F, Rasekh A.Effect of Orem self-care model on elderly's quality of life in care centers of Masjed Suleiman in 2007-2008. 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Relationship between Abuse Experience and General Health among Older Adults in Yazd City- Iran 2 2 Introduction: Elder abuse may increase the vulnerability of ageing people to disease and decrease their general health status, so addressing the issue is essential for promoting elderly quality of life. The study aimed to examine the relation between abuse experience and general health among elderly people in Yazd city- Iran. Methods: The cross-sectional study carried out on 250 community-dwelling seniors in the city of Yazd who were selected with cluster random sampling. Data collection tools included, Iranian Domestic Elder Abuse Questionnaire and Persian version of the General Health Questionnaire 28. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficient and linear regression tests. Results: Mean scores of abuse experience and general health among the elders were 11.84 ± 12.70 (range 0-100) and 21.82 ± 10.84 (range 0-84) respectively. General health status was more undesirable among elders who had experienced abuse than those who had not. Elder abuse subscales accounted for 17.2% changes in general health, which had only care neglect and physical abuse subscales with significant prediction effect. Conclusion: Abuse experience has negative effects on older adults' general health. care neglect and physical abuse play a more important role. 21 26 2016/01/182016/01/222016/02/72016/02/10 1394/11/21 2016/03/232016/03/232016/04/182016/04/21 1395/2/2 Hassan Rezaeipandari Hassan Rezaeipandari Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad Mohammad Ali Morowatisharifabad Department of Ageing Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Vali Bahrevar Vali Bahrevar Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Zohreh Rahaei Zohreh Rahaei Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Ali Hakimzadeh Ali Hakimzadeh Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities Sciences, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran Iran Elder Abuse General Health Ageing World Health Organization. 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Study ofthe mental status of the elderly and itsrelationship with leisure time activities. Journalof Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences(Asrar). 2009; 10(4): 12-19. [Persian]##Majdi MR, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Salek M,Shakeri MT, Mokhber N. Prevalence ofdepression in an elderly population: Apopulation-based study in Iran. Iranian Journal ofPsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 5(1):17-21.##Djernes JK. Prevalence and predictors ofdepression in populations of elderly: a review.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2006; 113(5):372-87.##Negahban Z, Arab M, Tajvar M, RahimiFrooshani A, Rshidian A. Elderly mental healthsurvey in Tehran and its relationship with socialcapital. Journal of Health Care Management.2015; 6(1): 79-88. [Persian]##Mortazavi SS, Eftekhar Ardabili H, MohammadK, Dorali R. Elderly mental health and its relationto demographic and social factors in Shahrekord.Payesh Journal. 2011; 10(4): 485-92. [Persian]##WHO. Determinants of mental and behavioraldisorders. Available from:http://www.who.int/whr/2001/chapter2/en/index7.html. Accessed at 1 Nov 2015.##Suwanmanee S, Nanthamongkolchai S,Munsawaengsub C, Taechaboonsermsak P.Factors influencing the mental health of theelderly in Songkhla, Thailand. Journal of theMedical Association of Thailand. 2012; 95(6): 8-15.##Pérez–Rojo G, Izal M, Montorio I, Penhale B.Risk factors of elder abuse in a communitydwelling Spanish sample. Archives ofGerontology and Geriatrics. 2009; 49(1): 17–21.##WHO. Elder abuse. Availablefrom: http://www.who.int/ageing/projects/elder_abuse/en/ Accessed at 18 Nov 2015.##WHO. Elder abuse. Availablefrom; http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs357/en/ Accessed at 1 Nov 2015.##Karimi M, Elahi N. Elderly abuse in Ahwaz cityand its relationship with individual and socialcharacteristics. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2008;3(7): 42–7. [Persian]##Amirsadri A, Soleimani H. Elderly phenomenaand its outcomes in Iran. Journal of Hygiene andHealth. 2005; 1(2): 19–35. [Persian]##Manouchehri H, Ghorbi B, Hosseini M, NasiriOskuyee N, Karbakhsh M. Degree and types ofdomestic abuse in the elderly referring to parks ofTehran. Faculty of Nursing of MidwiferyQuarterly. 2009; 18(63): 39-45. [Persian]##Heravi-Karimooi M. Elder abuse rates family inmembers of senior social clubs in Tehran city.Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2012; 6(4): 37-50.[Persian]##Dong XO, Simon MA, Beck TT, Farran C,McCann JJ, Mendes de Leon C, et al. Elder abuseand mortality: The role of psychological andsocial wellbeing. Gerontology. 2010; 57(6): 549–58.##Wu L, Chen H, Hu Y, Xiang H, Yu X, Zhang T,et al. Prevalence and associated factors of eldermistreatment in a rural community in people'srepublic of China: A cross–sectional study. PloSOne. 2012; 7(3):e33857.##Wang JJ. Psychological abuse and itscharacteristic correlates among elderlyTaiwanese. Archives of Gerontology andGeriatrics. 2006; 42(3): 307–18.##Dong X, Simon MA, Evans D. Cross–sectionalstudy of the characteristics of reported elder self–neglect in a community– dwelling population:findings from a population–based cohort.Gerontology. 2009; 56(3): 325–34.##Cooper C, Blanchard M, Selwood A, Walker Z,Livingston G. Family carers’ distress and abusivebehavior: Longitudinal study. British Journal ofPsychiatry. 2010; 196(6): 480–5.##Martin P, Vikram P, Shekhar S, Mario M, JoannaM. No health without mental health. The Lancet2007; 370: 19.##Barati M, Fathi Y, Soltanian A.R, Moeini B.Mental health condition and health promotingbehaviors among elders in Hamadan. ScientificJournal of Hamadan Nursing & MidwiferyFaculty. 2012; 20 (3): 12-22. [Persian]##Goldberg D, Williams P. General healthquestionnaire (GHQ). Swindon, Wiltshire, UK:nferNelson. 1988.##Malakooti SK, Mirabzadeh A, Fathollahi P,Salavati M, Kahali SH, Afkham Ebrahimi A, etal. Reliability, validity and factor analysis andGHQ 28 items in the Iranian elderly. IranianJournal of Aging. 2006; 1(1): 11-21. [Persian]##Noorbala AA, Bagheri Yazdi SA, Kazem M. Thevalidation of general health questionnaire- 28 as apsychiatric screening tool in Tehran. HakimJournal. 2008; 11(4): 47-53. [Persian]##Hashemi Nazari SS, Khosravi J, Faghihzadeh S,Etemadzadeh SH. A survey of mental healthamong fire department employees by GHQ-28questionnaire in 2005, Tehran-Iran. Hakim. 2007;10(2): 56-64. [Persian]##Heravi-Karimooi M, Anoosheh M, Foroughan M,Sheykhi M, Hajizadeh E. Designing anddetermining psychometric properties of thedomestic elder abuse questionnaire. IranianJournal of Ageing. 2010; 5 (1): 7-21. [Persian]##Heravi-Karimooi M, Rejeh N, Montazeri A.Health-related quality of life among abused andnon-abused elderly people: a comparative study.Payesh. 2013; 12(5): 479-88. [Persian]##Nori A, Rajabi A, Esmailzadeh F. Prevalence ofelder misbehavior in northern Iran. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences. 2015; 16(4): 93-8. [Persian]##Morowatisharifabad MA, Rezaeipandari H,Dehghani A, Zeinali A. Domestic elder abusestatus in Yazd, Iran. Health PromotionPerspectives. 2016; 6(2): 104-10.##Zare N, Sharif F, Dehesh T, Moradi F. Generalhealth in the elderly and younger adults of ruralareas in Fars province, Iran. International Journalof Community Based Nursing and Midwifery.2015; 3(1): 60-6.##Momeni K, Karimi H. The comparison of generalhealth of the residents/nonresidents in the elderhouse. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2010; 5 (3): 23-9.[Persian]##Barua A, Ghosh MK, Kar N, Basilio MA.Prevalence of depressive disorders in the elderly.Annals of Saudi Medicine. 2011; 31(6): 620-24.##Martens PJ, Fransoo R, Burland E, Burchill C,Prior HJ, Ekuma O, et al. Prevalence of mentalillness and its impact on the use of home care andnursing homes: a population-based study of olderadults in Manitoba. Canadian Journal ofPsychiatry. 2007; 52(9): 581–90.##Nair SS, Raghunath P, Nair SS. Prevalence ofpsychiatric disorders among the rural geriatricpopulation: a pilot study in Karnataka,India. 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The Study of Self-Assessed Health among Elderly Women in Shiraz and Yasuj Cities 2 2 Introduction: Women are facing inequalities including health, thus their health deserves attention. Investigating people’s health status from their viewpoints is an important measure in terms of public health of society and an indicator to determine the efficiency of health system. This study aimed at evaluating the self-assessed health of older women living in Shiraz and Yasuj. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study on elderly females over 65 years living in Shiraz and Yasuj. A questionnaire was applied to collect data from 380 subjects who were selected by cluster random sampling method. Data analysis was performed through SPSS software in two levels of descriptive and inferential. Results: The mean score of total self-assessed health was 72.02 ± 13.6, and 63.8% evaluated their health status as moderate. The mean scores for physical health, anxiety, social function, and depression subscales were 14.52 ± 4.97, 18.02 ± 5.77, 18.29 ± 4.48, 21.11 ±4.27, respectively. Age, education, marital status, disease history, and self-esteem were significantly associated with self-assessed health. R2 determination coefficient also indicates that 31.8% of changes in self-assessed health scores are explained by self-esteem, disease history, education, and marital status. Conclusion: Infrastructure to maintain the traditional values in the field of social relations and strengthen the family ties between the elderly and their family members can increase their self-esteem by reducing social isolation, and help them improve their health, especially in psychological dimension. 27 32 2016/01/182016/01/222016/02/72016/02/102016/03/5 1394/12/15 2016/03/232016/03/232016/04/182016/04/212016/05/15 1395/2/26 Majid Movahed Majid Movahed Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran Iran Sedighe Jahanbazian Sedighe Jahanbazian Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran Iran Mohammad Taghi Abbasi Shavazi Mohammad Taghi Abbasi Shavazi Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, Shiraz University, Fars, Iran Iran Health Ageing Correlate Shirazi Khah M. Study of health and socialindicators of elderly women in Iran. Salmand. 2012; 6 (1): 66-78. [Persian]##Landy KS, Janes SH. Community health nursingcaring for the publics health. Canada: Jones and Bartlett Publisher; 2001.##Bruin A, Picavet HSV. Nossikov A. Healthinterview survey towards international harmonization of methods and instrument: WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No. 58; 1996.##Bjorner J, Kristensen T, Orth-Gomer K, Tibblin G,Sullivan W. Self-rated health: a useful concept in research. Prevention and Clinical Medicine. Swedish Council for Planning and Coordination of Research; 1996.##Vahdaninia M, Ebadi M, Azin A, Aeenparast A,Omidvari S, Jahangiri K, et al. How people rate their own health: a nationwide study from Iran. Quarterly Payesh. 2011; 10(3): 355-63. [Persian]##Lima-Costa MF, Cesar CC, Chor D, Proietti FA.Self-rated health compared with objectively measured health status as a tool for mortality risk screening in older adults: 10-year follow-up of the Bambuí Cohort Study of Aging. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2012; 175(3): 228-35.##Sharifzadeh G, Moodi M, Akhbari H. Investigatinghealth status of older people supported by Imam. Salmand. 2010; 5 (3): 52-9. [Persian]##Wu Sh, Wang R, Zhao Y, Ma X, Wu M, Yan X, etal. The relationship between self-rated health and objective health status: a population-based study. BMC Public Health.2013; 13(1): 1-9.##Haseen F, Adhikari R, Soonthorndhada K. Self-assessed health among Thai elderly. BMC Geriatrics.2010; 10(1): 1-9.##Wolinsky FD, Miller TR, Malmstrom TK, MillerJP, Schootman M, Andresen EM, et al. Self-Rated health change, trajectories, and their antecedents among African Americans. Journal of Aging and Health. 2008; 20(2): 143-58.##Baljani E, Salari lak S, Salimi S, Safari S, Alavi E,Abdollahi Movahed S. Health promotion practices and cancer screening in older adults of Urmia. Journal of Urmia Medical Sciences. 2010; 21(2): 217-23. [Persian]##Lucas JA, Orshan SA, Cook F. Determinants ofhealth-promoting behavior among women ages 65 and above living in the community. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice. 2000; 14(1): 77-100.##Salar RA, Ahmadi F, Faghihzade S. study ofeffectiveness of continuous care consultation on the quality of life of elderly clients. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (Tabib-E-Shargh).2004; 5(4): 261-67. [Persian]##Heidari S, Mohammad Gholizadeh L, Asadolahi F,Abedini Z. Evaluation of health status of elderly in Qom city, 2011, Iran. Journal of Qom University of Medical Sciences. 2013; 7(4): 71-80. [Persian]##Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965.##Tagharrobi Z, Sharifi KH, Sooky Z. Psychometricanalysis of Persian GHQ-12 with C-GHQ scoring style. Preventive Care in Nursing and Midwifery Journal (PCNM); 2014-2015: 4(2): 66-80.## ##

Aging Educational Program to Reduce Ageism: Intergenerational Approach 2 2 Introduction: Ageing brings different experiences for individuals. Any individual learn about ageing from childhood whatever formal or informal. No matter they learn, what and how they learn is important. This study aimed to assess impact of an educational program on ageism in those people lower 20 years of age. Methods: This interventional study was conducted among school and university students of Babol city, Mazandaran province, Iran. Study was carried out in two stages. First 373 participants (187 school students and 186 university undergraduate students under age of 20) who recruited form Babol department of education and Babol University of Medical Sciences went under study of assessing attitudes toward ageing. In the second stage, courses on lifespan human development were delivered in 10 workshops for 151 people. Sampling method was stratified randomly from different age groups. Workshops consisted of lecturing, discussion, watching movie, reading pamphlets and having conversations with experienced older adults. Data was gathered by a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics and The Fraboni Scale of Ageism. Results: The mean of ageism score among school and university students were 49.93 ± 9.25 and 46.96 ± 7.64 respectively. There was statistically significant difference between two groups in ageism scores (p = 0.001) so that ageism was higher among school students However after implementation of education program, ageism score reduced for all 151 students from 46.92 ± 7.82 to 45.85 ± 7.79 which was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Educational program to reduce ageism is beneficial and could reduce the level of ageism. Suggestions for educators to combat ageism are provided. 33 38 2016/01/182016/01/222016/02/72016/02/102016/03/52016/03/5 1394/12/15 2016/03/232016/03/232016/04/182016/04/212016/05/152016/05/17 1395/2/28 Shima Sum Shima Sum Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran Iran Shafieh Emamian Shafieh Emamian Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran Iran Alireza Sefidchian Alireza Sefidchian Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran Iran Ageing Ageism Education Klein DA, Council KJ, McGuire SL. Education to promote positive attitudes about aging. Educational Gerontology. 2005; 31(8): 591-601.## Couper DP, Pratt F. Learning for longer life: A guide to aging education for developers of k-12 curriculum & instructional materials. National Academy for Teaching and Learning about Aging, University of North Texas, PO Box 310919, Denton, TX 76203-0919; 1999.##Butler RN. Ageism: another form of bigotry. The Gerontologist. 1969; 9(4 Part 1): 243-6.## Rupp DE, Vodanovich SJ, Credé M. The multidimensional nature of ageism: construct validity and group differences. The Journal of Social Psychology. 2005; 145(3): 335-62.## McConatha JT, Schnell F, Volkwein K, Riley L, Leach E. Attitudes toward aging: a comparative analysis of young adults from the United States and Germany. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development. 2003; 57(3): 203-15.## McGuire SL, Klein DA, Chen SL. Ageism revisited: a study measuring ageism in East Tennessee, USA. Nursing & Health Sciences. 2008; 10(1): 11-6.## Harris D. Age norms. In: Palmore E, Branch L, Harris D editors. Encyclopedia of Ageism. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press; 2005. p. 14-15.##Palmore EB. Research note: ageism in Canada and the United States. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology. 2004; 19(1): 41-6.##Palmore E. Age denial. In: Palmore E, Branch L, Harris D editors. Encyclopedia of Ageism. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press; 2005. p. 9-12.## Hummert M. Stereotypes of the elderly and patronizing speech. In: Hummert ML, Wiemann JM, Nussbaum JF. "Interpersonal communication in older adulthood: interdisciplinary theory and research."SAGE focus edition; 1994.##Ferraro K, Steinhour M. Language. In: Palmore E, Branch L, Harris D editors. Encyclopedia of Ageism. Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press; 2005. p. 197-99.##Cottle NR, Glover RJ. Combating ageism: change in student knowledge and attitudes regarding aging. Educational Gerontology. 2007; 33(6): 501-12.## Bales S, Eklund SJ, Siffin SC. Children’s perceptions of elders before and after a schoolbased intergenerational program. Educational Gerontology. 2000; 26 (7): 677–89.## Braithewhite V. Reducing ageism. In: Nelson T editors. Ageism: stereotyping and prejudice against older persons. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2002. p. 311-77.## Schwartz LK, Simmons J P. Contact quality andattitudes toward the elderly. Educational Gerontology. 2001; 27(2): 127–37.## Couper DP, Donorfio L, Goyer A. Final report: images of aging: children’s attitudes. American Association of Retired Persons. Washington, DC: American Association of Retired Persons; 1995.##Becker GS. Accounting for Tastes. Part I: Personal Capital; Part II: Social Capital. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1996.## Becker H. Outsiders: studies in the sociology of Deviance. New York: The Free Press; 2008.##Levy BR, Banaji MR. Implicit ageism. In: Nelson TD editors. Ageism: stereotypes and prejudice against older persons. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2002.##O'Hanlon AM, Brookover BC. Assessing changes in attitudes about aging: Personal reflections and a standardized measure.##Educational Gerontology. 2002; 28(8): 711-25.##Courtney M, Tong S, Walsh A. Acute‐care nurses’ attitudes towards older patients: A literature review. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2000; 6(2): 62-9.##Stubblefield JL. Changing students’ perceptions of aging: The impact of an intergenerational service learning course. Educational##Gerontologist. 2000; 26(7): 611–21.##Varkey P, Chutka DS, Lesnick TG. The aging game: improving medical students’ attitudes toward caring for the elderly. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2006; 7(4): 224-9.##Lin X, Bryant C, Boldero J. Measures for assessing student attitudes toward older people. Educational Gerontology. 2010; 37(1): 12-26.## Hughes NJ, Soiza RL, Chua M, Hoyle GE, MacDonald A, Primrose WR, et al. Medical student attitudes toward older people and##willingness to consider a career in geriatric medicine. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2008; 56(2): 334-8.## ##

Disability and Self-Care among Elders in Yazd 2 2 Introduction: Geriatric syndromes lead to a number of disabilities which dramatically affect the quality of life in ageing. Facilitating the process of self-care can improve the elder's health to a great extent which has received less attention in previous studies. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between the disability and self-care in the elderly of Yazd. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yazd; 234 elderly participants were selected through cluster random sampling. WHODAS-II questionnaire and a researcher-designed self-care questionnaire were utilized and collected data analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H, chi-square and Spearman correlation coefficient tests. Results: The mean score of disability was 38.55 ± 13.71 (ranging from 0 to 92) and the mean score of self-care was 61.57 ± 15.94 (ranging from 0 to 118). There was no statistically significant correlation between total score of disability and self-care, however, correlation was detected between the subscales. Conclusion: Given the high level of disability in a majority of elders and low level of their self-care, self-care promotion programs and prevention of disabilities in collaboration with their families and health centers are recommended. 39 44 2016/01/182016/01/222016/02/72016/02/102016/03/52016/03/52016/03/9 1394/12/19 2016/03/232016/03/232016/04/182016/04/212016/05/152016/05/172016/05/20 1395/2/31 Batool Ghaneh Batool Ghaneh Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Seyed Houssein Saeed- Banadaky Seyed Houssein Saeed- Banadaky Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Zohreh Rahaei Zohreh Rahaei Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Hassan Rezaeipandari Hassan Rezaeipandari Elderly Health Research Center, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Ehsan Mohiti Ardakani Ehsan Mohiti Ardakani Department of Genetics, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran Iran Disability Self-care Elders Mutran E, Ferraro K. Medical need and use of services among older men and women. Journal of Gerontology. 1988; 43(5): 162-71.## Khoshbin S, Eshrati B, Azizabadifarahani A, Ghosi A, Motlagh ME. The report reviews the status of the elderly. Tehran: Ministry of Health and Medical Education; 2002. [Persian]## Adib-hajbagheri M. Evaluation of disability and its related factors in Kashan elderly. Iranian journal of Ageing. 2008; 3(8): 547-55. [Persian]## World Health Organisation.What are the main risk factors for disability in old age and how can disability be prevented? WHO Regional Office for Europe; 2003.## World Health Organization. A strategy for active, healthy ageing and old age care in the Eastern Mediterranean Region 2006-2015. Available from: www.emro.who.int/dsaf/dsa542.pdf. Accessed at 12 Feb 2015.## Minden SL, Frankel D, Hadden LS, Srinath KP, Perloff JN. Disability in elderly people with multiple sclerosis: an analysis of baseline data from the Sonya Slifka longitudinal multiple sclerosis Study. NeuroRehabilitation 2004; 19(1): 55-67.## Osada H, Shibata H, Haga H, Yasumura S. Relationship of physical condition and functional capacity to depressive status in person aged 75 years. Japanese Journal of Public Health. 1995; 42(10): 897-909.##Rostami M, Baraz PS, Farzianpour F, Rasekh A. Effect of Orem self care model on ederies' quality of life in health care centers of MasjedSolaiman in 2007-2008. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2009; 12(2): 51-9. [Persian]## Heidari M ,Shahbazi S. Effect of self-care training program on quality of life of elders. Iran Journal of Nursing. 2012; 25(75): 1-8. [Persian]##Rafiefard SH, Atarzadeh M, Ahmadzadeh Asl M. A comprehensive system of enabling people to take care of their health. 1th ed. Qom: Borderless Researchers, 2005. [Persian]## Adib-Hajbaghery M, Akbari H. The severity of old age disability and its related factors. Feyz, Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2009; 13(3): 225-34. [Persian]##Vafaei Z, Haghdoost A, Alizadeh M, Dortaj E. Prevalence of disability and relevant risk factors in elderly dwellers in Isfahan province-2012. Iranian journal of Ageing. 2014; 8(31): 32-40. [Persian]## Üstün B, Kostanjsek N, Chatterji S, Rehm J. Manual for WHO disability assessment schedule (WHODAS 2.0). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Library Cataloguing–in Publication Data. 2010. Available from: http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu /viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.380.8869&rep=re p1&type=pdf Accessed at 24 Oct 2015## Hosseinpoor AR, Williams JS, Jann B, Kowal P, Officer A, Posarac A, et al. Social determinants of sex differences in disability among older adults: a multi-country decomposition analysis using the world health survey. International Journal for Equity in Health. 2012; 11: 52.##Shahbazi MR, Mirkhani M, Hatamizadeh N, Rahghozar M. Assessment of disability in the elderly in Tehran (2007). Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2008; 3(9): 84-91. [Persian]##Hudson M, Thombs BD, Steele R, Watterson R, Taillefer S, Baron M. Clinical correlates of quality of life in systemic sclerosis measured with the world health organization disability assessment schedule II. Arthritis Care & Research. 2008; 59(2): 279-84.## Özyüksel B, Berna U. The association between disability and residual symptoms in depressive patients: a 3-month follow-up. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry.2007; 18(4): 323-32.## Habibi A, Savadpoor M T, Molaei B, Samshiri M, Ghorbani M. Survey of physical functioning and prevalence of chronic illnessesamong the elderly people. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2009; 4(3): 68-78. [Persian]##Maghsoodnia SH. Primary health care in the Iranian elderly. First edition. Tehran: University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation. a##cooperation with World Health Organization. 2006. [Persian]## Kakhki A, Abed Saeedi J, Delavar A, Saeed Zakerin M. Autonomy in the elderly: a phenomenological study. Hakim Research##Journal. 2010; 12(4): 1-10. [Persian]##Taş Ü, Verhagen AP, Bierma-Zeinstra SM, Hofman A, Odding E, Pols HA, et al. Incidence and risk factors of disability in the elderly: the Rotterdam Study. Preventive Medicine. 2007; 44(3): 272-8.## Lin G.Regional assessment of elderly disability in The U.S. Social science and Medicine Journal 2000; 50(7-8): 1015-24.## Yoshida D, Ninomiya T, Doi Y, Hata J, Fukuhara M, Ikeda F, et al. Prevalence and causes of functional disability in an elderly general population of Japanese: the Hisayama study. Journal of Epidemiology. 2012; 22(3): 222.##Khodaei Gh, Tavakoli Rad M, Sahafi F, Salek M, Ziadi M, Eghbali B, et al. Elderly and Health. 1st ed. Khorasan Razavi: Hamsayeh Aftab Publication, 2012. [Persian]## Alipoor F, Sajadi H, Forozan A, Biglarian A. The role of social support in elderly quality of life. Social Welfare. 2009; 8 (33): 149-67. [Persian]## Ansai T, Hamasaki T, Awano SH, Akifusa S, Kato Y, Arimoto T, et al. Relationship between oral health and exercise function of elderly persons 80 years old in Fukuoka Prefecture. Journal of Dental Health. 2000; 50: 783-9.##Namjoo A, Niknami M, Baghaee M, Sedghi Sabet M, Atrkar Roshan Z. Survey health behavior of elderly referring to retirement centers in Rasht city. The Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Faculties Guilan Medical University. 2010; 20(63): 40-8. [Persian]##Sargazi M, Salehi S, Naji A. Health promoting behaviors of elderly people admitted to hospital in Zahedan in 2010. Journal of Zabol University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. 2012; 4(2): 73-83. [Persian]##Azadbakht M, Garmaroodi G, Taheri Tanjani P, Sahaf R, Shojaeizade D, Gheisvandi E. Health promoting self-care behaviors and its related factors in elderly: application of health belief model. Journal of Education And Community Health. 2014; 1(2): 20-9. [Persian]##Heidari S, Gholizadeh LM, Asadolahi F, AbediniZ. Evaluation of health status of elderly in Qom city, 2011, Iran. Qom University of Medical Sciences Journal. 2013; 7(4): 71-80. [Persian]## Sawatzky R, Liu-Ambrose T, Miller WC, Marra CA. Physical activity as a mediator of the impact of chronic conditions on quality of life in older adults. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2007; 5(1): 68.##Sarkisian CA, Prohaska TR, Wong MD, Hirsch S, Mangione CM. The relationship between expectations for aging and physical activity among older adults. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2005; 20(10): 911-5.##Niknami M, Namjou A, Baghaei M, Atrkar RZ. Survey the relationship between life satisfaction and health behaviors in elderly people referring to active retire mental centers.Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2010; 19(73): 46-54. [Persian]## ##

Elderly Patients’ Satisfaction with Provided Services in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital 2 2 Introduction: Most of the older adults have to be hospitalized and patients’ satisfaction from the provided services is one of the key performance indicators in healthcare centers. Feeling satisfied with the treatment process and provided services can motivate the elderly patients to continue their treatment, which ultimately leads to a reduction in the disease load and disability in older adults. The aim of this study was to examine the satisfaction status of elderly patients admitted in different wards in Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of provided services in winter 2015. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study in which, the elderly patients who were hospitalized in different wards of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital were investigated. Totally, 100 patients entered in the study through convenience sampling during the winter 2015. A modified Persian version of patient satisfaction questionnaire III was applied for data collection. To analyze the data, In addition to descriptive statistics, in inferential section student-t and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were applied. Results: The mean score of total satisfaction from hospital services of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital was 65.4 (range 0-100). There was a significant positive relation between the different domains of satisfactions. It was only the financial aspects which was not in relation with other domains. The highest score of the patient satisfaction belonged to the technical quality (73.7) and nursing services (69.6) and the lowest score was in the communication domain (48.7). The score of satisfaction in financial aspects was lower in men than women (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Most of the elderly patients had little satisfaction with the communication. Medical students and staff should consider good communication while delivering services to the elderly, and provide adequate information to help them decide which treatment pathway is suitable. 45 49 2016/01/182016/01/222016/02/72016/02/102016/03/52016/03/52016/03/92016/03/16 1394/12/26 2016/03/232016/03/232016/04/182016/04/212016/05/152016/05/172016/05/202016/05/28 1395/3/8 Ali Dehghani Ahmadabad Ali Dehghani Ahmadabad Department of Ageing Health, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Vali Bahrevar Vali Bahrevar Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Ahmad Zeinali Ahmad Zeinali Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Iran Satisfaction Elderly Patient Medical Services Phipps WS, Mohan F, Sands JK, Marek J, Netghbors M. Medical Surgical Nursing. 7th ed. 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