Comparison of the Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Mental Vitality in Caregivers of Elderly Parents

Noorali, Zahra; Khakpour, Reza; Jahangir, Pante'a

doi:10.18502/ehj.v10i2.17365

Volume 10, Issue 2 (December 2024) Elderly Health Journal 2024, 10(2): 111-121 | Back to browse issues page

‎ 10.18502/ehj.v10i2.17365

Mendeley

Zotero

RefWorks

Noorali Z, Khakpour R, Jahangir P. Comparison of the Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Mental Vitality in Caregivers of Elderly Parents. Elderly Health Journal 2024; 10 (2) :111-121
URL: http://ehj.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-330-en.html

Comparison of the Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on Mental Vitality in Caregivers of Elderly Parents

Zahra Noorali

, Reza Khakpour ^*

, Pante'a Jahangir

Department of Counseling, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran , R.khakpour@riau.ac.ir

Abstract: (30 Views)

Introduction: Caregiving burden for older adults can impose significant physical and emotional demands, leading to a reduction in mental vitality among caregiver children. Effective psychological interventions are crucial to enhance their well-being.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study included two psychological interventions: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT), with baseline, post-test, and follow-up phases, along with a control group for comparison. The research population comprised female caregivers who accompanied their older adults to health centers in Tehran. From a total of 169 individuals, 45 participants were selected through convenience sampling and were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 participants each, forming two experimental groups and one control group. Data were collected using the Ryan and Frederick Mental Vitality Questionnaire, and multivariate covariance analysis was applied for data analysis to assess the effectiveness of the interventions.
Results: The analysis showed that both ACT and EFT interventions significantly improved the mental vitality of caregiver children in the post-test and follow-up stages compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Additionally, EFT demonstrated a greater impact on enhancing mental vitality compared to ACT.
Conclusion: Emotion-focused interventions, such as EFT, can be considered a more effective approach for improving the mental vitality of caregiver children of older adults. This highlights the importance of incorporating tailored emotional support strategies in caregiver assistance programs.

Keywords: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Emotion-Focused Therapy, Mental Vitality, Caregivers, Aged

Full-Text [PDF 669 kb] (15 Downloads) | | Full-Text (HTML) (4 Views)

Type of Study: Research | Subject: Special
Received: 2024/11/11 | Accepted: 2024/12/4 | Published: 2024/12/20

References

1. Keihani A, Mayeli A, Ferrarelli F. Circadian rhythm changes in healthy aging and mild cognitive impairment. Advanced Biology. 2023; 7(11): 1-29.

2. Brady S, Patskanick T, Coughlin JF. An intersectional approach to understanding the psychological health effects of combining work and parental caregiving. The Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences. 2024; 79(6): 1-9.

3. Fernández-Portero C, Alarcón D, Gallardo-Flores A, Amián JG, Sánchez-Medina JA. Effectiveness of a mindfulness-based intervention program for women family caregivers of older adults. Healthcare; 2021; 9(9): 1-10.

4. Orfila F, Coma-Solé M, Cabanas M, Cegri-Lombardo F, Moleras-Serra A, Pujol Ribera E. Family caregiver mistreatment of the elderly: prevalence of risk and associated factors. BMC Public Health. 2018; 18(1): 1-14.

5. Zehtab S, Tabatabaeinejad FT. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on psychological well-being and quality of life in caregivers of the elderly with alzheimer's disease in isfahan city: a quasi-experimental study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2022; 21(2): 187-206. [Persian]

6. Guerra-Martín MD, Casado-Espinosa MDR, Gavira-López Y, Holgado-Castro C, López-Latorre I, Borrallo-Riego Á. Quality of life in caregivers of cancer patients: a literature review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023; 20(2): 1-23.

7. Lacey RE, Xue B, Di Gessa G, Lu W, McMunn A. Mental and physical health changes around transitions into unpaid caregiving in the UK: a longitudinal, propensity score analysis. The Lancet Public Health. 2024; 9(1): 16-25.

8. Han A, Yuen HK, Lee HY, Zhou X. Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on process measures of family caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 2020; 18: 201-13.

9. Frederick C, Ryan RM. The energy behind human flourishing: theory and research on subjective vitality. In: Ryan RM, editors. The Oxford handbook of self-determination theory. Oxford University Press; 2023; P.215-35.

10. Lomas T, Ritchie-Dunham J, Lee MT, VanderWeele TJ. The varieties of vitality: A cross-cultural lexical analysis. International Journal of Wellbeing. 2022; 12(4): 155-80.

11. Razavian FS, Imani S, Nourbakhsh SM. Effectiveness of mental toughness on distress tolerance and mental vitality in parents of children with leukemia. Journal of Applied Psychology. 2021; 15(3): 403-22. [Persian]

12. Borji M, Tarjoman A. Investigating the effect of religious intervention on mental vitality and sense of loneliness among the elderly referring to community healthcare centers. Journal of Religion and Health. 2020; 59(1): 163-72.

13. Pineda-Espejel HA, Morquecho-Sánchez R, Terán L, López-Gaspar I, Hernández-Mendo A, Morales-Sánchez V, et al. Satisfied and frustrated needs, subjective vitality and university students’ life satisfaction of physical activity and sports. Sustainability. 2023; 15(4): 1-15.

14. Leidenfrost CM, Calabrese W, Schoelerman RM, Coggins E, Ranney M, Sinclair SJ, et al. Changes in psychological health and subjective well-being among incarcerated individuals with serious mental illness. Journal of Correctional Health Care. 2016; 22(1): 12-20.

15. Söderbacka T. Vitality, health, and work: The older person's vitality sources. Åbo Akademi University; 2022.

16. Liu C, Badana AN, Burgdorf J, Fabius CD, Roth DL, Haley WE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of racial and ethnic differences in dementia caregivers’ well-being. The Gerontologist. 2021; 61(5): 228-43.

17. Luchetti M, Terracciano A, Stephan Y, Aschwanden D, Sutin AR. Personality and psychological health in caregivers of older relatives: A case-control study. Aging & Mental Health. 2021; 25(9): 1692-700.

18. Cheng W-L, Chang CC, Griffiths MD, Yen CF, Liu JH, Su JA, et al. Quality of life and care burden among family caregivers of people with severe mental illness: mediating effects of self-esteem and psychological distress. BMC Psychiatry. 2022; 22(1): 1-15.

19. Breen LJ, Aoun SM, O’Connor M, Johnson AR, Howting D. Effect of caregiving at end of life on grief, quality of life and general health: a prospective, longitudinal, comparative study. Palliative Medicine. 2020; 34(1): 145-54.

20. Chen K, Lou VW, Tan KCk, Wai My, Chan LL. Effects of a humanoid companion robot on dementia symptoms and caregiver distress for residents in long-term care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2020; 21(11): 1724-8.

21. Atefi GL, van Knippenberg RJ, Bartels SL, Losada-Baltar A, Márquez-González M, Verhey FR, et al. A web-based intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for family caregivers of people with dementia: mixed methods feasibility study. JMIR Aging. 2024; 7(1): 1-19.

22. Barrett K, Stewart I. A preliminary comparison of the efficacy of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) stress management interventions for social and healthcare workers. Health & Social Care in the Community. 2021; 29(1): 113-26.

23. Lappalainen P, Pakkala I, Lappalainen R, Nikander R. Supported web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for older family caregivers (CareACT) compared to usual care. Clinical Gerontologist. 2022; 45(4): 939-55.

24. Han A, Yuen HK, Jenkins J. Acceptance and commitment therapy for family caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Health Psychology. 2021; 26(1): 82-102.

25. Chan CY, Cheung G, Martinez-Ruiz A, Chau PY, Wang K, Yeoh E, et al. Caregiving burnout of community-dwelling people with dementia in Hong Kong and New Zealand: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics. 2021; 21(1): 1-15.

26. Cordeiro K, Wyers C, Oliver M, Foroughe M, Muller RT. Caregiver maltreatment history and treatment response following an intensive emotion focused family therapy workshop. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy. 2022; 29(5): 1728-41.

27. Foroughe M, Browne DT, Thambipillai P, Cordeiro K, Muller RT. Brief emotion-focused family therapy: A 12-month follow-up study. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy. 2023; 49(2): 394-410.

28. Lee SE. An investigation into the effects of music psychosocial interventions on the well-being of people living with dementia and their family carers. University of Limerick; 2021.

29. Morrison AS, Mateen MA, Brozovich FA, Zaki J, Goldin PR, Heimberg RG, et al. Changes in empathy mediate the effects of cognitive-behavioral group therapy but not mindfulness-based stress reduction for social anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy. 2019; 50(6): 1098-111.

30. Robinson A. Enhancing empathy in emotion-focused group therapy for adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: A case conceptualization model for interpersonal rupture and repair. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy. 2020; 50(2): 133-42.

31. Kebritchi A, Abolghasemi S, Shahriari Ahmadi M. The effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on cognitive flexibility and distress tolerance married women with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Psychological Science. 2024: 23(143): 97-113.

32. Dutch MS, Ratanasiripong P. Marriage family therapist’s attitudes toward evidence-based treatments and readiness for change. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 2017; 27(4): 540.

33. Andriani M, Khoinejad G, Akbari Amarghan H. Comparing the effectiveness of emotion-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on emotional self-regulation, psychological well-being of couples. Jornal of Applied Family Therapy. 2022; 3(1): 223-42.

34. Marzban A, Akbari M, Moradi M, Fanian N. The effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on anxiety and caregiver burden of family caregivers of patients with heart failure: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2024; 13(1): 1-9.

35. Ryan RM, Frederick C. On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being. Journal of Personality. 1997; 65(3): 529-65.

36. Rajaei M, Nasri M, Shahabizadeh F. The effectiveness of emotion focused therapy on cognitive fusion and emotional self-regulation of spouses of veterans. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches. 2024; 19(73): 47-56. [Persian]

37. Greenberg LS, Watson JC. Emotion-focused therapy for depression: Canadian contributions. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue Canadienne Des Sciences Du Comportement. 2022; 54(2): 152-62.

38. Du S, Dong J, Jin S, Zhang H, Zhang Y. Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain conditions on functioning: A systematic review protocol. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2021; 77(1): 417-26.

39. Shirazipour M. The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to reduce rumination and worry about body image of elderly patients with depression. Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2022; 24(1): 21-8.

40. Heydarian S, Seyrafi M, Kalhornia M, Jomehri F, Bagholi H. Effectiveness of emotion-based therapy on the anxiety and psychological wellbeing of the patients with type 2 diabetes. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. 2020; 63(2): 2380-90.

41. Sadighiyan H, Abbasian M, Yousefi M, Maasoumi N, Nikanfar R, Matlabi H. Quality of life among older adults covered by various pension funds, Tabriz, Iran. Elderly Health Journal. 2021; 7(2): 84-90.